前提是你肯定在你电脑上安装了docker
记得去配置一下阿里云加速的配置,不然你拉去镜像非常慢,话不多说,直接开始上手,建议把下文所有涉及到的命令自己敲一遍,下一篇还会降到docker高级用法,本篇只是基础入门!冲冲冲!
帮助命令
docker version
docker info
docker 命令 --help
镜像命令
docker images
可选项
-a ,-all 列出所有镜像
-q ,-quiet 只显示出镜像的id
docker search 搜索镜像
可选项
--filter=STARTS=3000
docker pull 镜像名:tag
docker rmi -f 镜像id [镜像id]
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
容器命令
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] 镜像
#参数说明
--name="Name" 给容器起一个名字
-d 以后台方式运行
-it 目录 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口 80:80
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
列出所有的运行的容器
docker ps
-a
-n=? 显示最近的具体几个
-q 只显示容器的编号
退出容器
exit 退出并停止
ctrl+p+q 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id 删除指定的容器,不能删除运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm
启动停止容器
docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id
常用的其他命令
后台启动应用
docker run -d 容器名
查看日志
-tf 显示日志
--tail number 要显示日志条数
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id 显示指定函数的日志
查看进程信息
docker top 容器id
查看镜像的元数据
docker inspect 镜像id
[
{
"Id": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"RepoTags": [
"centos:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2021-09-15T18:20:05.184694267Z",
"Container": "9bf8a9e2ddff4c0d76a587c40239679f29c863a967f23abf7a5babb6c2121bf1",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "9bf8a9e2ddff",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
],
"Image": "sha256:f5b050f177fd426be8fe998a8ecf3fb1858d7e26dff4080b29a327d1bd5ba422",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "sha256:f5b050f177fd426be8fe998a8ecf3fb1858d7e26dff4080b29a327d1bd5ba422",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 231268856,
"VirtualSize": 231268856,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b7962b6f0da839a54227e65e3dbb2773198fdeed81d90e7793ae3e6ecaa703af/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b7962b6f0da839a54227e65e3dbb2773198fdeed81d90e7793ae3e6ecaa703af/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b7962b6f0da839a54227e65e3dbb2773198fdeed81d90e7793ae3e6ecaa703af/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
进入正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
C:\Users\>docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
379bfaccaf2e centos "/bin/bash" 25 minutes ago Up 25 minutes intelligent_babbage
C:\Users\>docker exec -it 379bfaccaf2e /bin/bash
[root@379bfaccaf2e /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 00:52 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 16 0 0 01:18 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 30 16 0 01:18 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
docker attach 容器id
从容器内拷贝东西到主机内
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
练习
部署nginx
C:\Users\> docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
654283b0a5626ad5b5c90b7a675b844e0925b16721b5a749ba1d2f9e04d6ee31
C:\Users\>docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
654283b0a562 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp nginx01
C:\Users\>curl localhost:3344
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
Commercial support is available at
Thank you for using nginx.
部署tomcat
docker run -it --rm tomcat
部署es+kibana
docker status 查看cpu的状态
commit镜像
docker commit 提交容器成为一个新的副本
docker commit -m='提交的信息描述' -a='作者' 容器id 目标镜像名:[TAG]
C:\Users\>docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3867a5b1e084 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:8083->8080/tcp tomcat01
C:\Users\>docker commit -a="aihua" -m="add webapps app" 3867a5b1e084 tomcat02:1.0
sha256:3e1c13340f0aea8f0a2b50427570151028a40aef58e7b56a3c5ebd5104ddaeda
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