1. SpringCloud 与 SpringBoot的版本映射关系

在已有的Spring Boot项目中增加Spring Cloud,首先要确定使用的Spring Cloud的版本,这取决于项目使用的Spring Boot的版本 SpringCloud 与 SpringBoot的版本映射关系

如果两者的版本不兼容,再会报: Spring Boot [2.x.x] is not compatible with this Spring Cloud release train

2. spring-cloud-gateway配置

Spring Cloud Gateway旨在提供一种简单而有效的方式来路由API服务,并为它们提供横切关注点,例如:安全性、监控/指标和弹性。

目前的版本信息:

2.1. 项目中如何包含spring-cloud-gateway

在项目中引入如下依赖:

org.springframework.cloud

spring-cloud-starter-gateway

3.0.8

注意:

如果引入依赖,但不希望启用网关,请设置spring.cloud.gateway.enabled=false。Spring Cloud Gateway构建在Spring Boot 2、Spring WebFlux、Project Reactor之上,所以许多同步库(例如Spring Data和Spring Security)和模式可能不适用Spring Cloud Gateway需要Spring Boot和Spring Webflux提供的Netty Runtime。它不能在传统的Servlet容器中工作,也不能作为WAR构建。

2.2. 基本术语

Route 路由: 网关的基本组成部分。它由一个ID、一个目标URI、一组谓词和一组过滤器定义。如果聚合谓词为真,则匹配路由。Predicate 谓词: 一个Java 8函数谓词。输入类型为Spring Framework ServerWebExchange,在编程时可以匹配HTTP请求中的任何内容,例如 headers 或参数。Filter 过滤器: 使用特定工厂构造的GatewayFilter的实例,可以在发送下游请求之前或之后修改请求和响应。

2.3. 如何工作?

客户端向Spring Cloud Gateway发出请求。如果网关处理程序映射确定请求与路由匹配,则将其发送到网关Web处理程序。此处理程序通过特定于请求的过滤器链【filter chain】运行请求。

过滤器用虚线分隔的原因是过滤器可以在发送代理请求之前和之后运行逻辑。执行所有“预”过滤器逻辑。然后发出代理请求。发出代理请求后,将运行“post”过滤器逻辑。

2.4. 如何配置?

路由谓词工厂 Route Predicate Factories 网关匹配路由作为Spring WebFlux HandlerMapping基础架构的一部分。Spring Cloud Gateway包括许多内置的路由谓词工厂。所有这些谓词都匹配HTTP请求的不同属性。可以将多个路由谓词工厂与逻辑和语句组合在一起。Gateway 过滤器工厂 路由过滤器允许以某种方式修改传入的HTTP请求或传出的HTTP响应。路由过滤器的作用域是特定的路由。Spring Cloud Gateway包括许多内置的GatewayFilter工厂。

路由谓词配置示例

即在spring boot的配置文件如application.yml中配置,配置示例如下:

spring:

cloud:

gateway:

routes:

- id: after_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- After=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]

- id: before_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Before=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]

- id: between_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Between=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver], 2017-01-21T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]

- id: cookie_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Cookie=chocolate, ch.p

- id: header_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+

- id: host_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Host=**.somehost.org,**.anotherhost.org

- id: method_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Method=GET,POST

- id: path_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Path=/red/{segment},/blue/{segment}

- id: query_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Query=red, gree.

- id: remoteaddr_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- RemoteAddr=192.168.1.1/24

# The Weight Route Predicate Factory

- id: weight_high

uri: https://weighthigh.org

predicates:

- Weight=group1, 8

- id: weight_low

uri: https://weightlow.org

predicates:

- Weight=group1, 2

路由过滤器配置示例

spring:

cloud:

gateway:

routes:

- id: add_request_header_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Path=/red/{segment}

filters:

- AddRequestHeader=X-Request-Red, Blue-{segment}

- id: add_request_parameter_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Host: {segment}.myhost.org

filters:

- AddRequestParameter=foo, bar-{segment}

- id: add_response_header_route

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- Host: {segment}.myhost.org

filters:

- AddResponseHeader=foo, bar-{segment}

- id: prefixpath_route

uri: https://example.org

filters:

- PrefixPath=/mypath

- id: requestratelimiter_route

uri: https://example.org

filters:

- name: RequestRateLimiter

args:

redis-rate-limiter.replenishRate: 10

redis-rate-limiter.burstCapacity: 20

redis-rate-limiter.requestedTokens: 1

- id: prefixpath_route

uri: https://example.org

filters:

- RedirectTo=302, https://acme.org

代码配置示例

@Bean

public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {

//@formatter:off

RouteLocator routeLocator = builder.routes()

.route("path_route", r -> r.path("/get")

.uri("http://httpbin.org"))

.route("host_route", r -> r.host("*.myhost.org")

.uri("http://httpbin.org"))

.route("rewrite_route", r -> r.host("*.rewrite.org")

.filters(f -> f.rewritePath("/foo/(?.*)",

"/${segment}"))

.uri("http://httpbin.org"))

.route("circuitbreaker_route", r -> r.host("*.circuitbreaker.org")

.filters(f -> f.circuitBreaker(c -> c.setName("slowcmd")))

.uri("http://httpbin.org"))

.route("circuitbreaker_fallback_route", r -> r.host("*.circuitbreakerfallback.org")

.filters(f -> f.circuitBreaker(c -> c.setName("slowcmd").setFallbackUri("forward:/circuitbreakerfallback")))

.uri("http://httpbin.org"))

.route("limit_route", r -> r

.host("*.limited.org").and().path("/anything/**","/bnything/**")

.filters(f -> f.requestRateLimiter(c -> c.setRateLimiter(redisRateLimiter())))

.uri("http://httpbin.org"))

.route("websocket_route", r -> r.path("/echo")

.uri("ws://localhost:9000"))

.build();

return routeLocator;

}

3. Global Filter

GlobalFilter接口与GatewayFilter接口具有相同的签名。GlobalFilter是有条件地应用于所有路由的特殊过滤器。

当请求匹配路由时,过滤web处理程序将GlobalFilter的所有实例和GatewayFilter的所有路由特定实例添加到过滤器链中。这个组合过滤器链由org.springframework.core.Ordered接口排序,可以通过实现getOrder()方法来设置该接口。

接口示例

@Bean

public GlobalFilter customFilter() {

return new CustomGlobalFilter();

}

public class CustomGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

@Override

public Mono filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {

log.info("custom global filter");

return chain.filter(exchange);

}

@Override

public int getOrder() {

return -1;

}

}

4. 如何配置跨域CORS

spring:

cloud:

gateway:

globalcors:

cors-configurations:

'[/**]':

allowedOrigins: "https://docs.spring.io"

allowedMethods:

- GET

5. http超时配置

全局配置

spring:

cloud:

gateway:

httpclient:

connect-timeout: 1000

response-timeout: 5s

特定路由配置

- id: per_route_timeouts

uri: https://example.org

predicates:

- name: Path

args:

pattern: /delay/{timeout}

metadata:

response-timeout: 200

connect-timeout: 200

import static org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.RouteMetadataUtils.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_ATTR;

import static org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.RouteMetadataUtils.RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_ATTR;

@Bean

public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeBuilder){

return routeBuilder.routes()

.route("test1", r -> {

return r.host("*.somehost.org").and().path("/somepath")

.filters(f -> f.addRequestHeader("header1", "header-value-1"))

.uri("http://someuri")

.metadata(RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_ATTR, 200)

.metadata(CONNECT_TIMEOUT_ATTR, 200);

})

.build();

}

6. Actuator API

开启配置:spring.cloud.gateway.actuator.verbose.enabled=true 下表总结了Spring Cloud Gateway执行器端点(注意每个端点都以/actuator/gateway为基路径):

IDHTTP MethodDescriptionglobalfiltersGETDisplays the list of global filters applied to the routes.routefiltersGETDisplays the list of GatewayFilter factories applied to a particular route.refreshPOSTClears the routes cache.routesGETDisplays the list of routes defined in the gateway.routes/{id}GETDisplays information about a particular route.routes/{id}POSTAdds a new route to the gateway.routes/{id}DELETERemoves an existing route from the gateway.

附录

spring-cloud-gateway 在使用时,还有很多其它需要关注的,详见官方使用文档spring-cloud-gateway reference

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