学习时间：8:30——10:30 14:00—16:00
《外星人入侵》（2D游戏）已经完成，以下是文件和代码：
文件
alien_invasion.py
import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
class AlienInvasion: #管理游戏资源和行为的类
def __init__(self): #初始化游戏并创建游戏资源
pygame.init()
self.settings = Settings()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
self.stats = GameStats(self)
self.sb = Scoreboard(self)
self.ship = Ship(self)
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
self._create_fleet()
self.play_button = Button(self,"Play")
def run_game(self): #开始游戏的主循环
while True: #监视键盘和鼠标事件
self._check_events()
if self.stats.game_active:
self.ship.update()
self._update_bullets()
self._update_aliens()
self._update_screen()
def _update_bullets(self):
self.bullets.update()
for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
self.bullets.remove(bullet)
self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()
def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
collidions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets,self.aliens,True,True)
if collidions:
for aliens in collidions.values():
self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
self.sb.prep_score()
self.sb.check_high_score()
if not self.aliens:
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.settings.increase_speed()
self.stats.level += 1
self.sb.prep_level()
def _ship_hit(self):
if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
self.stats.ships_left -= 1
self.sb.prep_ships()
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
sleep(0.5)
else:
self.stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
self._ship_hit()
break
def _update_aliens(self):
self._check_fleet_edges()
self.aliens.update()
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):
self._ship_hit()
self._check_aliens_bottom()
def _check_events(self): #响应按键和鼠标事件
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
self._check_keydowm_events(event)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
self._check_keyup_events(event)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)
def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):
button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.sb.prep_score()
self.sb.prep_level()
self.sb.prep_ships()
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def _check_keydowm_events(self, event):
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
self._fire_bullet()
def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = False
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = False
def _fire_bullet(self):
if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(self)
self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
def _create_fleet(self):
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2* alien_width)
number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2* alien_width)
ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height-(3*alien_height)-ship_height)
number_rows = available_space_y // (2*alien_height)
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
self._create_alien(alien_number,row_number)
def _create_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
alien.x = alien_width + 2*alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height+ 2* alien.rect.height * row_number
self.aliens.add(alien)
def _check_fleet_edges(self):
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
self._change_fleet_direction()
break
def _change_fleet_direction(self):
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def _update_screen(self):
self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
self.ship.blitime()
for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
self.aliens.draw(self.screen)
self.sb.show_score()
if not self.stats.game_active:
self.play_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip() #让最近绘制的屏幕可见
if __name__ == '__main__': #创建游戏实例并运行
ai = AlienInvasion()
ai.run_game()
alien.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_game):
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def check_edges(self):
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
return True
def update(self):
self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x = self.x
bullet.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_game):
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.color = self.settings.bullet_color
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.settings.bullet_width,self.settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
def update(self):
self.y -=self.settings.bullet_speed
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
ship.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_game): #初始化飞船并设置其初始位置
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom #将每艘新的飞船都放在屏幕底部中央
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def update(self):
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
self.x += self.settings.ship_speed
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed
self.rect.x = self.x
def blitime(self): #在指定位置绘制飞船
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def center_ship(self):
self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
button.py
import pygame.font
class Button:
def __init__(self,ai_game,msg):
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
self.width , self.height = 200 ,50
self.button_color = (0,255,0)
self.text_color = (255,255,255)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
self._prep_msg(msg)
def _prep_msg(self,msg):
self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
game_stats.py
class GameStats:
def __init__(self,ai_game):
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.reset_stats()
self.game_active = False
self.high_score = 0
self.level = 1
def reset_stats(self):
self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limit
self.score = 0
scoreboard.py
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard:
def __init__(self,ai_game):
self.ai_game = ai_game
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.stats = ai_game.stats
self.text_color = (30,30,30)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
self.prep_score()
self.prep_high_score()
self.prep_level()
self.prep_ships()
def prep_score(self):
rounded_score = round(self.stats.score,-1)
score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
self.score_rect.top = 20
def prep_high_score(self):
high_score = round(self.stats.high_score,-1)
high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top
def check_high_score(self):
if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
self.prep_high_score()
def prep_level(self):
level_str = str(self.stats.level)
self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
def prep_ships(self):
self.ships = Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship = Ship(self.ai_game)
ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y = 10
self.ships.add(ship)
def show_score(self):
self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
self.ships.draw(self.screen)
settings.py
class Settings:
def __init__(self):
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 800
self.bg_color = (230,230,230)
self.ship_limit = 3
self.bullet_width = 15
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
self.bullets_allowed = 3
self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
self.speedup_scale = 1.1
self.score_scale = 1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
self.ship_speed = 1.5
self.bullet_speed = 1.5
self.alien_speed = 0.4
self.fleet_direction = 1
self.alien_points = 50
def increase_speed(self):
self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
print(self.alien_points)
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