matplotlib 开发语言 python可视化----pyqtgraph

文章目录

pyqtgraph 介绍使用pyqtgraph使用pyqtgraph总结pyqtgraph 画图方式基本参数绘图方法

设置线的样式综合案例绘制多个图形，并网格布局

pyqtgraph 介绍

官网 基于numpy 、pyqt5、pyside2的纯python图形界面库。大部分绘图比matplotlib性能高。 跨平台性好 展示线、点、图像； 图形数据的快速实时更新； 交互式的平移、缩放 图片导出 画图样例 import pyqtgraph.examples pyqtgraph.examples.run()

使用pyqtgraph

查看案例

from pyqtgraph import examples

examples.run()

在弹出的窗口中，双击一个即可查看效果： 2. 在pyside2中使用pyqtgraph

# __author__ = "laufing"

# class_based_qt

# laufing_qt

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

In this example we draw two different kinds of histogram.

"""

from PySide2.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication

from PySide2.QtGui import QIcon, QPixmap, QPicture, QFont

from PySide2.QtCore import QSize

import pyqtgraph as pg

from pyqtgraph.Qt import QtCore, QtGui

import numpy as np

## Start Qt event loop unless running in interactive mode or using pyside.

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

# if (sys.flags.interactive != 1) or not hasattr(QtCore, 'PYQT_VERSION'):

# # 进入消息循环

# QtGui.QApplication.instance().exec_()

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window = QWidget()

window.resize(800, 600)

window.move(200, 200)

window.setWindowTitle("PySide2 案例")

window.setWindowIcon(QIcon("./imgs/dog.jpg"))

# ***

# 实例化一个图形布局控件

win = pg.GraphicsLayoutWidget(window, show=True)

win.resize(400, 250)

print("窗口类型:", win)

win.setWindowTitle('Histogram')

# 添加一个图形

plt1 = win.addPlot()

plt2 = win.addPlot()

print("图形对象:", plt1)

# np.random.normal 正态分布随机采样

# loc 均值 默认均值为0

# scale 标准差 默认标准差为1 属于标准正态分布

# size 采样的shape

# np.hstack 水平拼接 一维数组

vals = np.hstack([np.random.normal(size=500), np.random.normal(size=260, loc=4)])

# 计算频数

freq, section = np.histogram(vals, bins=np.linspace(-3, 8, 40)) # np.linspace 等差数列

print("计算的区间:", section, len(section))

print("计算的频数:", freq, len(freq))

## Using stepMode="center" causes the plot to draw two lines for each sample.

## notice that len(x) == len(y)+1

plt1.plot(section, freq, stepMode="center", fillLevel=0, fillOutline=True, brush=(100, 50, 255, 150))

# x, y

# stepMode 步进模式

# fillLevel

# fillOutline 填充轮廓线

# brush(r, g, b, a) 填充颜色 a为不透明度

# 散点图

y = pg.pseudoScatter(vals, spacing=0.15)

# spacing 点之间的距离

print("xxx:", y, len(y))

# plt2.plot(vals, y, pen=None, symbol='o', symbolSize=5)

plt2.plot(vals, y, pen=None, symbol='o', symbolSize=5, symbolPen=(0, 0, 0, 200), symbolBrush=(150, 100, 185, 150))

# symbol 点形状

# symbolSize 点大小

# symbolPen 点边缘线 颜色

# symbolBrush 点的填充颜色

window.show()

# 消息循环

exit_code = app.exec_()

print("退出的状态码:", exit_code)

sys.exit(exit_code)

使用pyqtgraph总结

交互模式（ipython） 快速展示数据

import pyqtgraph as pg

# 1 plot画图

# pg.plot(data) # data list or ndarray (n, ) (n, 2)

# plot x vs y in red line, return PlotWidget obj

pw = pg.plot(xVals, yVals, pen='r')

# 继续绘制数据

pw.plot(xVals, yVals2, pen='b')

pw.setTitle("标题", color="cyan")

pw.setBackground((x,x,x,x)) # RGBW

# 展示

pg.exec()

# 2 图形布局

win = pg.GraphicsLayoutWidget(parent) # Automatically generates grids with multiple items

plot1 = win.addPlot(data1, row=0, col=0) # 不指定row/col时，默认在一行 win.nextRow() 换行

plot2 = win.addPlot(data2, row=0, col=1)

plot3 = win.addPlot(data3, row=1, col=0, colspan=2)

# 展示

pg.exec()

# 图3

import numpy as np

data = np.array([2,1,4,5,4,3]).reshape(2,3)

pg.show(data) # data must be a numpy array with 2 to 4 dims

# 最后展示

pg.exec()

图3    

应用弹窗绘图 应用程序中数据状态的即时反馈 嵌入到pyqt 控件，如pyside2/pyqt5 如果两个库都有安装，先导入哪个库，pyqtgraph就用哪个。

## this will force pyqtgraph to use PySide2 instead of PyQt5

import PySide2

import pyqtgraph as pg

PlotWidget, ImageView, GraphicsLayoutWidget, and GraphicsView.

pyqtgraph 画图方式

官网

基本参数

x - x轴数据，可选，未指定时自动生成

y - y轴数据

pen - 指定pen=‘r’ …绘制线；None 不绘制线

symbol - 可选，点形状 如"o"/“s” ; 也可指定每个点的形状[“o”, “s”, “o”]

symbolPen - 点的边缘线颜色 ‘r’

symbolBrush - 点的填充色 (r, g, b, a)

fillLevel - 填充线下区域 1

brush - 填充线下区域的颜色（r, g, b, a）

其他参数

绘图方法

绘制一个图形窗口 pyqtgraph.plot(*args, **kargs)， 一般用于交互模式

# 导包

from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication

import pyqtgraph as pg

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

# 单独绘制图形，形成一个主窗口

# 创建并返回一个PlotWidget 对象 （pyqtgraph.PlotWidget）

plotWidget = pg.plot(title="title666") # title 为窗口标题

# 设置宽高

plotWidget.resize(400, 400)

# 绘制图形

plotWidget.plot([1,2,3], [3,4,5], pen='r')

# plotWidget.setBackground()

# 循环画图

# for i in range(3)

# plotWidget.plot(x, y[i], pen=(i, 3)) # 自动生成三种颜色

# 消息循环

sys.exit(app.exec_())

  2. 嵌入pyqt控件中，使用PlotWidget/ GraphicsLayoutWidget 单个图形：

from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget

import pyqtgraph as pg

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window = QWidget()

window.resize(800, 600)

window.setWindowTitle("图形嵌入控件")

# 创建并返回一个PlotWidget 对象 （pyqtgraph.PlotWidget）

plotWidget = pg.PlotWidget(window)

plotWidget.resize(400, 400)

plotWidget.move(100, 100)

# 绘制图形

# pen 画线图 "r"/(i, 3)自动生成三种颜色/QPen()

# fillLevel 填充线下区域 开始的y值

# fillBrush 填充的颜色

plotWidget.plot([1,2,3], [3,4,5], pen='r', fillLevel=2, fillBrush=(100, 200, 150, 100))

# 画图项

plotItem = plotWidget.getPlotItem()

print("plot item:", plotItem)

print("函数:", dir(plotItem))

# 设置标题

plotWidget.setTitle("标题")

plotWidget.setBackground("w")

plotWidget.setLabel("left", 'y轴', units="cm", **style) # 轴的标题

plotWidget.setXRange(0, 5, spacing=0.5) # 轴的范围

plotWidget.setLogMode(x=True, y=False) # 设置x轴 等比数列

plotWidget.addLegend() # 增加图例

plotWidget.showGrid(x=True, y=True)

plotWidget.enableAutoRange('xy', True) # 坐标轴的值范围 会根据图形自动变化， False 则不变

# 坐标轴的显示与隐藏

plotWidget.showAxis("bottom", False) # plotWidget底层是PlotItem

window.show()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

  多个图形：

from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QLabel, QPushButton

from PySide2.QtGui import QIcon, QPicture, QPixmap

import pyqtgraph as pg

import numpy as np

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window = QWidget()

window.resize(800, 600)

# 多个图形

gl = pg.GraphicsLayoutWidget(window)

gl.resize(800, 600)

# 添加图形

plot1 = gl.addPlot(row=0, col=0)

plot2 = gl.addPlot(row=0, col=1)

plot3 = gl.addPlot(row=1, col=0, colspan=2)

# 设置线的样式 颜色、宽度

myPen = pg.mkPen(color=(255, 0, 0), width=20, style=Qt.DashLine)

plot1.plot([1,2,3], pen=myPen)

plot2.plot([1,2,3], pen=None, symbol="s", symbolSize=6, symbolPen=(0, 0, 254, 150))

plot3.plot([3,4,5], pen="b")

window.show()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

绘制2D、3D图形 pyqtgraph.image(*args, **kargs) Create and return an ImageView Will show 2D or 3D image data. Accepts a title argument to set the title of the window. All other arguments are used to show data. (see ImageView.setImage())控制台窗口 pyqtgraph.dbg(*args, **kwds) Create a console window and begin watching for exceptions.

设置线的样式

from PySide2.QtCore import Qt

from pyqtgraph import mkPen

# 定义自己的pen

myPen = mkPen(color=(r, g, b, a), width=16, style=Qt.DashLine)

综合案例

设置线的样式

from PySide2.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication, QPushButton, QDesktopWidget, QVBoxLayout

from PySide2.QtCore import Qt, QTimer, QSize, QDate

from PySide2.QtGui import QIcon, QPixmap, QPen, QPicture, QPalette, QPaintEvent, QDesktopServices, QColor

import pyqtgraph as pg

from pyqtgraph import PlotWidget

from pyqtgraph import mkPen # 生成画笔

from pyqtgraph import mkBrush # 生成笔刷

from pyqtgraph import mkColor # 生成颜色对象

class MyWindow(QWidget):

def __init__(self, title="laufing"):

super(MyWindow, self).__init__()

# 窗口的尺寸及居中

self.resize(800, 600)

desk = QDesktopWidget().geometry()

width, height = desk.width(), desk.height()

self.move(width//2 - self.width()//2, height//2 - self.height()//2)

# 窗口标题

self.setWindowTitle(title)

self.setWindowIcon(QIcon("./imgs/dog.jpg"))

#

self.setUI()

def setUI(self):

# 垂直布局

vb = QVBoxLayout()

vb.setContentsMargins(10, 10, 10, 10) # 设置内容边距

vb.setSpacing(20) # 子控件间隔

# 实例化 绘图控件

plotWidget1 = PlotWidget()

plotWidget2 = PlotWidget()

# 绘制数据

import numpy as np

# 正态分布采样 均值为2 标准差1 采样数据shape

x = np.random.normal(loc=2, scale=1, size=(2, 5))

# 生成自己的画笔

myPen = mkPen(color=(170, 0, 0), width=16, style=Qt.DotLine)

# 绘制图形

line1 = plotWidget1.plot(x[0], pen=myPen)

# 设置图形标题

plotWidget1.setTitle("图1", color="r", size="10pt") # size为字符串

# 设置背景色

plotWidget1.setBackground("w") # 单个字母表示颜色

line2 = plotWidget2.plot(x[1], pen='b', name="图例legend", symbol="+", symbolSize=16, symbolPen=(0, 255, 0, 150),

symbolBrush=(254, 0, 0, 100)) # symbol 添加标记

plotWidget2.setTitle("图2", color="k", size="15pt") # 15px ,也支持富文本html

plotWidget2.setBackground((254, 249, 226)) # RGB 表颜色

# plotWidget2.setBackground(QColor(254, 249, 226))

# 设置轴的标题

y_style = { # css键值对

"color": "red",

"font-size": "16px",

"text-align": "center",

"font-family": "宋体",

"font-weight": "bold",

"font-style": "italic"

}

plotWidget2.setLabel("left", "y轴", **y_style) # 支持富文本

plotWidget2.setLabel("bottom", "x轴", **y_style)

# 为曲线增加图例(?)

plotWidget2.addLegend()

# 显示网格线

plotWidget2.showGrid(x=True, y=True)

# 轴的范围

plotWidget2.setYRange(0, 4, padding=0)

plotWidget2.setXRange(0, 5, padding=0)

# 清除线条

# plotWidget2.clear()

# 更新局部数据

def updateLine():

nonlocal x # 外部函数的局部作用域

print("xxx:", x)

# 生成数据

x = np.random.normal(loc=2, scale=1, size=(2, 5))

# 更新图形中的数据

line2.setData(x[1])

self.timer = QTimer(plotWidget2)

self.timer.timeout.connect(updateLine)

self.timer.start(500) # 0.5s 执行一次

# 布局添加子控件

vb.addWidget(plotWidget1)

vb.addWidget(plotWidget2)

vb.setStretch(0, 1) # idx, value子控件的伸缩因子

vb.setStretch(1, 2)

self.setLayout(vb)

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

# 创建应用程序

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

win = MyWindow("测试可视化")

win.show()

# 进入消息循环

sys.exit(app.exec_())

设置边界线 拖动左边的边界线，右图的轴范围变化。

# __author__ = "laufing"

# class_based_qt

# laufing_qt

from PySide2.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication, QDesktopWidget, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout

from PySide2.QtCore import QTimer

from PySide2.QtGui import QIcon, QPixmap, QPicture, QColor, QFont, QKeyEvent, QMouseEvent, QDesktopServices

import pyqtgraph as pg

from pyqtgraph import mkPen

from pyqtgraph import PlotWidget, PlotItem, GraphicsLayoutWidget

import numpy as np

class MyWindow(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super(MyWindow, self).__init__()

#

desk = QDesktopWidget().geometry()

width, height = desk.width(), desk.height()

self.resize(800, 600)

self.move(width//2 - self.width()//2, height//2 - self.height()//2)

self.setWindowTitle("laufing")

self.setWindowIcon(QIcon("./imgs/dog.jpg"))

#

self.setUi()

def setUi(self):

hb= QHBoxLayout()

hb.setContentsMargins(10, 10, 10, 10)

hb.setSpacing(6)

# 生成数据

x = np.linspace(-100, 100, 1000)

y = np.sin(x) / x

graphic = GraphicsLayoutWidget(self)

# 添加图形， 默认水平排列

plotItem1 = graphic.addPlot()

print("plot item:", plotItem1, dir(plotItem1))

plotItem2 = graphic.addPlot()

plotItem1.plot(x, y, pen="r")

# plotItem1.setTitle("graphic1", color="r")

# plotItem1.setBackground("w") 没有该属性

# plotItem1.setLabel("left", "y轴", units="cm", color="blue")

# plotItem1.setLabel("bottom", "x轴", units="cm", color="blue")

# plotItem1.addLegend() # 无效

# plotItem1.showGrid(x=True, y=True)

# 添加边界线

lineItem = pg.LinearRegionItem([-50, 50])

lineItem.setZValue(10)

plotItem1.addItem(lineItem)

# 添加事件

def updatePlotItem2():

print("xxxx", lineItem.getRegion())

# 第二个图更新 坐标值

plotItem2.setXRange(*lineItem.getRegion(), padding=0)

def updatePlotItem1():

# 获取图2的XRange & YRange

print("view box:", plotItem2.getViewBox().viewRange())

# 重新设置线的范围

lineItem.setRegion(plotItem2.getViewBox().viewRange()[0])

# 线的区域发生变化

lineItem.sigRegionChanged.connect(updatePlotItem2)

# plotItem2 的坐标轴发生变化

plotItem2.sigXRangeChanged.connect(updatePlotItem1)

plotItem2.plot(x, y, pen="g")

# 布局添加子控件

hb.addWidget(graphic)

# 父窗口 添加子控件

self.setLayout(hb)

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

win = MyWindow()

win.show()

exit_code = app.exec_()

sys.exit(exit_code)

 ； 3. 在上图的基础上，实现增加一个频率直方图 写好的窗口，直接作为一个子窗口

# __author__ = "laufing"

# class_based_qt

# laufing_qt

from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QLabel, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout

from PySide2.QtCore import QTimer

from PySide2.QtGui import QIcon, QFont, QColor

import pyqtgraph as pg

from pyqtgraph import GraphicsLayoutWidget, PlotWidget

from pyqtgraph_7 import MyWindow

class PWin(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super(PWin, self).__init__()

self.resize(800, 600)

self.move(200, 200)

self.setUI()

def setUI(self):

# 实例化布局对象

vb = QVBoxLayout()

# 第一个子控件，写好的子窗口

myWin = MyWindow()

# 第二个子控件

pw = PlotWidget()

# 生成数据

import numpy as np

x = np.random.normal(loc=1, scale=2, size=1000)

freq, section = np.histogram(x, bins=50)

pw.plot(section, freq, stepMode="center", fillLevel=0, fillBrush=(100, 100, 100), fillOutline="r")

# 布局添加子控件

vb.addWidget(myWin)

vb.addWidget(pw)

vb.setSpacing(10)

vb.setStretch(0, 1)

vb.setStretch(1, 1)

# 父窗口 设置垂直布局

self.setLayout(vb)

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

pwin = PWin()

pwin.show()

exit_code = app.exec_()

sys.exit(exit_code)

  4. 在已写好的窗口上，扩展功能 一个Qt designer 界面就是一个类， 类名为Ui_创建对象名

from PySide2.QtCore import *

from PySide2.QtGui import *

from PySide2.QtWidgets import *

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format="%(asctime)s %(message)s")

class Ui_Lauf(object):

def setupUi(self, Lauf):

# Lauf 为父控件

if not Lauf.objectName():

Lauf.setObjectName(u"Lauf")

# 重置父控件的宽高

Lauf.resize(1086, 692)

# 创建一个空白窗口，放入父控件

self.widget = QWidget(Lauf)

self.widget.setObjectName(u"widget")

self.widget.setGeometry(QRect(150, 70, 430, 197))

# 在空白窗口中，实例化网格布局

self.gridLayout = QGridLayout(self.widget)

self.gridLayout.setObjectName(u"gridLayout")

self.gridLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)

# 垂直布局

self.verticalLayout = QVBoxLayout()

self.verticalLayout.setObjectName(u"verticalLayout")

self.horizontalLayout = QHBoxLayout()

self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName(u"horizontalLayout")

#

self.label = QLabel(self.widget)

self.label.setObjectName(u"label")

self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.label)

self.lineEdit = QLineEdit(self.widget)

self.lineEdit.setObjectName(u"lineEdit")

# 尺寸策略

sizePolicy = QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Fixed, QSizePolicy.Fixed)

sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)

sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)

logging.debug(self.lineEdit.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())

# 设置宽高比

sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.lineEdit.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())

# 设置尺寸策略

self.lineEdit.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)

self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit)

self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)

self.horizontalLayout_2 = QHBoxLayout()

self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName(u"horizontalLayout_2")

self.label_2 = QLabel(self.widget)

self.label_2.setObjectName(u"label_2")

self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.label_2)

self.lineEdit_2 = QLineEdit(self.widget)

self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName(u"lineEdit_2")

sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.lineEdit_2.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())

self.lineEdit_2.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)

self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.lineEdit_2)

self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout_2)

self.pushButton = QPushButton(self.widget)

self.pushButton.setObjectName(u"pushButton")

self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)

# 网格布局 row, col, rowSpan, colSpan

self.gridLayout.addLayout(self.verticalLayout, 0, 0, 1, 1)

self.lineEdit_5 = QLineEdit(self.widget)

self.lineEdit_5.setObjectName(u"lineEdit_5")

self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit_5, 0, 1, 1, 1)

self.formLayout = QFormLayout()

self.formLayout.setObjectName(u"formLayout")

self.label_3 = QLabel(self.widget)

self.label_3.setObjectName(u"label_3")

# self.formLayout.addRow()

# 设置第0行的Label Field

self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_3)

self.lineEdit_3 = QLineEdit(self.widget)

self.lineEdit_3.setObjectName(u"lineEdit_3")

self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lineEdit_3)

self.label_4 = QLabel(self.widget)

self.label_4.setObjectName(u"label_4")

self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_4)

self.lineEdit_4 = QLineEdit(self.widget)

self.lineEdit_4.setObjectName(u"lineEdit_4")

self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lineEdit_4)

self.pushButton_2 = QPushButton(self.widget)

self.pushButton_2.setObjectName(u"pushButton_2")

self.formLayout.setWidget(2, QFormLayout.SpanningRole, self.pushButton_2)

self.gridLayout.addLayout(self.formLayout, 1, 0, 1, 1)

self.lineEdit_6 = QLineEdit(self.widget)

self.lineEdit_6.setObjectName(u"lineEdit_6")

self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit_6, 1, 1, 1, 1)

# 自定义方法， 设置标题

self.retranslateUi(Lauf)

QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Lauf)

# setupUi

def retranslateUi(self, Lauf):

# 设置标题

Lauf.setWindowTitle(QCoreApplication.translate("Lauf", u"Form", None))

self.label.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("Lauf", u"\u7528\u6237\u540d:", None))

self.label_2.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("Lauf", u"\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801:", None))

self.pushButton.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("Lauf", u"\u767b\u5f55", None))

self.lineEdit_5.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("Lauf", u"\u6c34\u5e73 + \u5782\u76f4\u5e03\u5c40", None))

self.label_3.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("Lauf", u"\u7528\u6237\u540d:", None))

self.label_4.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("Lauf", u"\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801:", None))

self.pushButton_2.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("Lauf", u"\u767b\u5f55", None))

self.lineEdit_6.setText(QCoreApplication.translate("Lauf", u"Form Layout", None))

# retranslateUi

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

# 一个Qt designer 界面就是一个类

win = QWidget()

# 实例化Qt designer 设计的窗口

u = Ui_Lauf()

# 展示在父控件中

u.setupUi(win)

win.show()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

绘制多个图形，并网格布局

绘制九个图形，并实现网格布局；九个图形共享x、y坐标轴；九个图形中相同颜色的曲线共享同一个图例； 效果如下：

代码：

# __author__ = "laufing"

# class_based_qt

# laufing_qt

import numpy as np

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format="%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s")

from PySide2.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication, QPushButton, QDesktopWidget, QVBoxLayout

from PySide2.QtCore import Qt, QTimer, QSize, QDate

from PySide2.QtGui import QIcon, QPixmap, QPen, QPicture, QPalette, QPaintEvent, QDesktopServices

import pyqtgraph as pg

class MyItemSample(pg.ItemSample):

""" 自定义图例项目子类 """

pen = None

items = None

instance = None

def __new__(cls, item):

""" item： PlotDataItem """

item_pen = item.opts.get("pen")

if item_pen == cls.pen:

cls.items.append(item)

return cls.instance

cls.pen = item_pen

cls.instance = pg.ItemSample.__new__(cls)

cls.items = []

cls.items.append(item)

return cls.instance

def __init__(self, item):

# 对象具有自己的items

self.items = self.__class__.items

if len(self.items) > 1:

return

else:

pg.ItemSample.__init__(self, item)

def mouseClickEvent(self, event):

if event.button() == Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton:

for i in self.items:

i.setVisible(not i.isVisible())

event.accept()

self.update()

class MyLegendItem(pg.LegendItem):

""" 自定义图例 子类 """

pen = None

name = None

def addItem(self, item, name):

""" 重写 """

self.sampleType = MyItemSample

label = pg.LabelItem(name, color=self.opts['labelTextColor'],

justify='left', size=self.opts['labelTextSize'])

if isinstance(item, self.sampleType):

sample = item

else:

sample = self.sampleType(item)

self.items.append((sample, label))

if item.opts.get("pen") != self.pen and name != self.name:

self.pen = item.opts.get("pen")

self.name = name

elif item.opts.get("pen") == self.pen and name == self.name:

return

else:

raise ValueError("同一类曲线图例名称必须相同")

self._addItemToLayout(sample, label)

self.updateSize()

class MyWindow(QWidget):

def __init__(self, title="laufing"):

super(MyWindow, self).__init__()

# 窗口的尺寸及居中

self.resize(800, 600)

desk = QDesktopWidget().geometry()

width, height = desk.width(), desk.height()

self.move(width//2 - self.width()//2, height//2 - self.height()//2)

# 窗口标题

self.setWindowTitle(title)

self.setWindowIcon(QIcon("./imgs/dog.jpg"))

#

self.setUI()

def setUI(self):

data = np.random.normal(loc=2, scale=1, size=100)

# 垂直布局

vb = QVBoxLayout(self)

graphic_view = pg.GraphicsView()

graphic_view.setBackground("#eee")

vb.addWidget(graphic_view)

# layout 布局

graphic_layout = pg.GraphicsLayout(border=(255, 0, 0))

graphic_view.setCentralWidget(graphic_layout)

# 添加一个标题

label = graphic_layout.addLabel("首行标题", colspan=3)

graphic_layout.nextRow()

# 生成九个图形

plot_items = []

plot_data_items = []

for i in range(9):

if i == 3:

legend_layout = graphic_layout.addLayout(rowspan=3)

legend_layout.setFixedWidth(100)

legend_item = MyLegendItem(size=(10, 10), offset=(0, 5))

legend_item.setParentItem(legend_layout)

# 图例边框色

legend_item.setPen("b")

# 填充色

legend_item.setBrush("cyan")

legend_item.setLabelTextColor("r")

legend_item.setLabelTextSize("10pt")

if i % 3 == 0 and i != 0:

graphic_layout.nextRow()

plot_item = graphic_layout.addPlot(title=f"title{i+1}")

plot_items.append(plot_item)

r_line = plot_item.plot(data, pen="r", symbol="s", symbolSize=3)

b_line = plot_item.plot(np.sin(data) + 1, pen="b", symbol="o", symbolSize=3)

plot_data_items.extend([r_line, b_line])

# 隐藏坐标轴

if i % 3 != 0:

# 隐藏y轴

plot_item.hideAxis("left")

plot_item.hideButtons()

if i / 6 < 1:

# 隐藏x轴

plot_item.hideAxis("bottom")

plot_item.hideButtons()

# 关联图形

for i in range(len(plot_items) - 1):

plot_items[i].setXLink(plot_items[i+1])

plot_items[i].setYLink(plot_items[i+1])

# 共享坐标轴后尺寸不一致问题

graphic_layout.layout.setColumnStretchFactor(0, 100)

graphic_layout.layout.setColumnStretchFactor(1, 90)

graphic_layout.layout.setColumnStretchFactor(2, 90)

graphic_layout.layout.setRowStretchFactor(1, 85)

graphic_layout.layout.setRowStretchFactor(2, 85)

graphic_layout.layout.setRowStretchFactor(3, 100)

# 添加图例

for i in range(0, len(plot_data_items), 2):

legend_item.addItem(plot_data_items[i], "图例1")

for i in range(1, len(plot_data_items), 2):

legend_item.addItem(plot_data_items[i], "图例2")

if __name__ == '__main__':

import sys

# 创建应用程序

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

win = MyWindow("测试可视化")

win.show()

# 进入消息循环

sys.exit(app.exec_())

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