linux 开源软件云计算运维改行学it 03 开始使用openEuler操作系统

文章目录

03 开始使用openEuler操作系统3.1 目标3.2 Linux以及openEuler中的GUI与CLI3.3 Linux的两种登录方式3.3.1 本地登录3.3.2 远程登陆

3.4 退出登录（注销）3.5 openEuler登录界面参数解析3.6 Shell以及openEuler中Shell的简介3.7 使用命令查看基本的系统信息

03 开始使用openEuler操作系统

3.1 目标

开始使用openEuler操作系统，能够区分GUI与CLI、学习Linux的两种登录方式、了解登录界面各项参数的含义、使用了解shell以及一些基础的快捷键、使用命令查看基本的系统信息。

3.2 Linux以及openEuler中的GUI与CLI

GUI（Graphical User Interface，图形用户界面），可以让用户使用鼠标作为输入工具，来进行各项操作。CLI（Command Line Interface，命令行界面），用户界面字符化，用户可以使用键盘作为输入工具，来使用命令进行各项操作。openEuler目前默认没有GUI界面，使用bash shell作为默认shell的CLI环境。openEuler支持安装UKUI、DDE、XFCE、GNOME的GUI环境。

3.3 Linux的两种登录方式

3.3.1 本地登录

控制台打开显示器，便可在本地输入账号密码进行登录。（**注意：**Linux在输入密码时为不显示状态，这属于正常情况）。对于没有启用或者安装GUI的，我们可以使用Ctrl+Alt+F[1-6]在1-6号虚拟控制台进行切换（默认登录为1号控制台）。对于安装了GUI的操作系统，1号控制台为用户选择界面，2号控制台为GUI桌面，3-6号为4个CLI虚拟控制台，一样可以使用Ctrl+Alt+F[1-6]进行切换。

3.3.2 远程登陆

openEuler等诸多linux都支持ssh的远程登陆，当然也可以关闭。在SecureCRT、Xshell、PuTTY及各种linux cli使用”ssh username@ip/主机名/域名（其中“/”为或的关系，如果要使用主机名，则要保证hosts文件中有定义，如果要使用域名进行登录，则要保证域名解析可达)。远程登陆端口默认为22，如果有做修改，在linux中可以使用”ssh username@ip/主机名/域名 -p 端口号”来进行登录。一些系统为了增强远程登陆的系统安全性，会不允许使用账号以及密码进行登陆，而使用公钥进行身份验证，当设置密钥配对成功时，则不需要密码便可以登陆成功。

3.4 退出登录（注销）

值得注意的是，不管是远程登陆还是本地登录想要退出当前登录时，我们可以使用 exit 或者 Ctrl+d 进行退出。

3.5 openEuler登录界面参数解析

Authorized users only. All activities may be monitored and reported.

Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket

Last login: Mon Nov 28 22:28:57 2022

Welcome to 5.10.0-60.18.0.50.oe2203.x86_64

System information as of time: 2022年 11月 28日星期一 22:33:35 CST

System load: 0.00

Processes: 153

Memory used: 8.5%

Swap used: 0%

Usage On: 7%

IP address: 192.168.0.21

IP address: 192.168.122.1

Users online: 2

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

System load为系统最近1分钟的平均负载（越接近n代表负载越高，n代表操作系统cpu的核数）； Processes代表正在跑的进程数量； Memory used代表内存使用量的百分比； Swap used 代表Swap交换分区使用量的百分比； Usage On代表了根分区的使用率； IP address代表当前ip地址； Users online代表当前连接的用户数。

此开机脚本被定义在/etc/profile.d/system-info.sh中。

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/system-info.sh

#/bin/bash

#Copyright (c) [2019] Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

#generic-release is licensed under the Mulan PSL v2.

#You can use this software according to the terms and conditions of the Mulan PSL v2.

#You may obtain a copy of Mulan PSL v2 at:

# http://license.coscl.org.cn/MulanPSL2

#THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR

#IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FIT FOR A PARTICULAR

#PURPOSE.

#See the Mulan PSL v2 for more details.

# Welcome

welcome=$(uname -r)

# Memory

memory_total=$(cat /proc/meminfo | awk '/^MemTotal:/ {printf($2)}')

memory_free=$(cat /proc/meminfo | awk '/^MemFree:/ { printf($2)}')

buffers=$(cat /proc/meminfo | awk '/^Buffers:/ { printf($2)}')

cached=$(cat /proc/meminfo | awk '/^Cached:/ { printf($2)}')

sreclaimable=$(cat /proc/meminfo | awk '/^SReclaimable:/ { printf($2)}')

swap_total=$(cat /proc/meminfo | awk '/^SwapTotal:/ { printf($2)}')

swap_free=$(cat /proc/meminfo | awk '/^SwapFree:/ { printf($2)}')

if [ $memory_total -gt 0 ]

then

memory_usage=`echo "scale=1; ($memory_total - $memory_free - $buffers - $cached - $sreclaimable) * 100.0 / $memory_total" |bc`

memory_usage="$1.19MB%"

else

memory_usage=0.0%

# Swap memory

if [ $swap_total -gt 0 ]

then

swap_mem=`echo "scale=1; ($swap_total - $swap_free) * 100.0 / $swap_total" |bc`

swap_mem="${swap_mem}%"

else

swap_mem=0.0%

# Usage

usageof=$(df -h / | awk '/\// {print $(NF-1)}')

# System load

load_average=$(awk '{print $1}' /proc/loadavg)

# WHO I AM

whoiam=$(whoami)

# Time

time_cur=$(date)

# Processes

processes=$(ps aux | wc -l)

# Users

user_num=$(users | wc -w)

# Ip address

ip_pre=""

if [ -x "/sbin/ip" ]

then

ip_pre=$(/sbin/ip a | grep inet | grep -v "127.0.0.1" | grep -v inet6 | awk '{print $2}')

echo -e "\n"

echo -e "Welcome to $welcome\n"

echo -e "System information as of time: \t$time_cur\n"

echo -e "System load: \t\033[0;33;40m$load_average\033[0m"

echo -e "Processes: \t$processes"

echo -e "Memory used: \t$memory_usage"

echo -e "Swap used: \t$swap_mem"

echo -e "Usage On: \t$usageof"

for line in $ip_pre

ip_address=${line%/*}

echo -e "IP address: \t$ip_address"

done

echo -e "Users online: \t$user_num"

if [ "$whoiam" == "root" ]

then

echo -e "\n"

else

echo -e "To run a command as administrator(user \"root\"),use \"sudo \"."

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

3.6 Shell以及openEuler中Shell的简介

Shell是一种c语言编写的命令解释程序。常见的Shell有bash、sh、csh、ksh，通常可以通过输入shell名来切换不同shell，并可以使用exit命令退回原来的shell。

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# sh

sh-5.1# exit

exit

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

openEuler默认的shell为bash。

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# echo $SHELL

/bin/bash

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

值得一提的是，bash shell率先实现了许多高级功能，如tab补全、文件夹&可执行文件高亮等，故一般linux均采用bash为默认shell。同时bash解释程序也足够轻量，只有1.2mb左右。

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# ll -h /bin/bash

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1.2M 12月 2 2021 /bin/bash

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

Shell的默认系统提示符为：[username@hostname current_directory]# 或者[username@hostname current_directory]$ （注意，#代表超级用户，KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 20: …用户，判断是否为超级用户可以从#̲还是来判断，不能使用用户名判断！）。

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# su - superman

Welcome to 5.10.0-60.18.0.50.oe2203.x86_64

System information as of time: 2022年 11月 28日星期一 22:40:19 CST

System load: 0.00

Processes: 151

Memory used: 8.6%

Swap used: 0%

Usage On: 7%

IP address: 192.168.0.21

IP address: 192.168.122.1

Users online: 2

To run a command as administrator(user "root"),use "sudo ".

[superman@scfuture-21 ~]$

3.7 使用命令查看基本的系统信息

查看系统信息，命令如下：

# cat /etc/os-release

例如，命令和输出如下：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# cat /etc/os-release

NAME="openEuler"

VERSION="22.03 LTS"

ID="openEuler"

VERSION_ID="22.03"

PRETTY_NAME="openEuler 22.03 LTS"

ANSI_COLOR="0;31"

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

查看CPU信息，命令如下：

方法一：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# lscpu

架构： x86_64

CPU 运行模式： 32-bit, 64-bit

Address sizes: 45 bits physical, 48 bits virtual

字节序： Little Endian

CPU: 2

在线 CPU 列表： 0,1

厂商 ID： GenuineIntel

BIOS Vendor ID: GenuineIntel

型号名称： Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz

BIOS Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz

CPU 系列： 6

型号： 142

每个核的线程数： 1

每个座的核数： 2

座： 1

步进： 10

BogoMIPS： 3600.00

标记： fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp

lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2api

c movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibp

b stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves arat md_clear f

lush_l1d arch_capabilities

Virtualization features:

超管理器厂商： VMware

虚拟化类型：完全

Caches (sum of all):

L1d: 64 KiB (2 instances)

L1i: 64 KiB (2 instances)

L2: 512 KiB (2 instances)

L3: 6 MiB (1 instance)

NUMA:

NUMA 节点： 1

NUMA 节点0 CPU： 0,1

Vulnerabilities:

Itlb multihit: KVM: Mitigation: VMX unsupported

L1tf: Mitigation; PTE Inversion

Mds: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT Host state unknown

Meltdown: Mitigation; PTI

Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp

Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization

Spectre v2: Mitigation; Full generic retpoline, IBPB conditional, IBRS_FW, STIBP disabled, RSB filling

Srbds: Unknown: Dependent on hypervisor status

Tsx async abort: Not affected

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

方法二：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor : 0

vendor_id : GenuineIntel

cpu family : 6

model : 142

model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz

stepping : 10

microcode : 0xca

cpu MHz : 1800.003

cache size : 6144 KB

physical id : 0

siblings : 2

core id : 0

cpu cores : 2

apicid : 0

initial apicid : 0

fpu : yes

fpu_exception : yes

cpuid level : 22

wp : yes

flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves arat md_clear flush_l1d arch_capabilities

bugs : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit srbds

bogomips : 3600.00

clflush size : 64

cache_alignment : 64

address sizes : 45 bits physical, 48 bits virtual

power management:

processor : 1

vendor_id : GenuineIntel

cpu family : 6

model : 142

model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz

stepping : 10

microcode : 0xca

cpu MHz : 1800.003

cache size : 6144 KB

physical id : 0

siblings : 2

core id : 1

cpu cores : 2

apicid : 1

initial apicid : 1

fpu : yes

fpu_exception : yes

cpuid level : 22

wp : yes

bugs : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs itlb_multihit srbds

bogomips : 3600.00

clflush size : 64

cache_alignment : 64

address sizes : 45 bits physical, 48 bits virtual

power management:

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

方法三：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# top

top - 22:47:03 up 1:02, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

Tasks: 145 total, 1 running, 144 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.2 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st

MiB Mem : 3380.5 total, 2539.1 free, 284.5 used, 556.8 buff/cache

MiB Swap: 8192.0 total, 8192.0 free, 0.0 used. 2735.1 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

13920 root 20 0 9904 3984 3284 R 0.3 0.1 0:00.03 top

1 root 20 0 168900 17020 8780 S 0.0 0.5 0:01.94 systemd

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd

3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_gp

4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_par_gp

5 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:02.61 kworker/0:0-ata_sff

6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri

8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq

9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_tasks_rude_

10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_tasks_trace

11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0

12 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:02.32 rcu_sched

13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0

14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0

15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1

16 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/1

17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 ksoftirqd/1

19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H-events_highpri

22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kdevtmpfs

23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns

24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd

29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd

30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 oom_reaper

31 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback

32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 kcompactd0

33 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# top -----执行top后输入1

top - 22:47:35 up 1:03, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

Tasks: 145 total, 1 running, 144 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu0 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st

%Cpu1 : 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st

MiB Mem : 3380.5 total, 2539.1 free, 284.5 used, 556.8 buff/cache

MiB Swap: 8192.0 total, 8192.0 free, 0.0 used. 2735.1 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

12 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.3 0.0 0:02.37 rcu_sched

790 root 20 0 79156 1612 1368 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.31 irqbalance

1 root 20 0 168900 17020 8780 S 0.0 0.5 0:01.94 systemd

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd

3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_gp

4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_par_gp

5 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:02.61 kworker/0:0-ata_sff

6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri

8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq

9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_tasks_rude_

10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_tasks_trace

11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0

13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0

14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0

15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1

16 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/1

17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 ksoftirqd/1

19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H-events_highpri

22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kdevtmpfs

23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns

24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd

29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd

30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 oom_reaper

31 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback

32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 kcompactd0

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

查看内存信息，命令如下：

方法一：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# free

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 3461636 291740 2600036 9308 569860 2800348

Swap: 8388604 0 8388604

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

方法二：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# top

top - 22:50:07 up 1:05, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

Tasks: 145 total, 2 running, 143 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.2 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st

MiB Mem : 3380.5 total, 2538.6 free, 285.0 used, 556.9 buff/cache

MiB Swap: 8192.0 total, 8192.0 free, 0.0 used. 2734.6 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

13895 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.3 0.0 0:00.56 kworker/1:1-events

1 root 20 0 168900 17020 8780 S 0.0 0.5 0:01.94 systemd

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd

3 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_gp

4 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_par_gp

5 root 20 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:02.61 kworker/0:0-ata_sff

6 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-events_highpri

8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq

9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_tasks_rude_

10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_tasks_trace

11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0

12 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.0 0.0 0:02.50 rcu_sched

13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0

14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0

15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1

16 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/1

17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 ksoftirqd/1

19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H-events_highpri

22 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kdevtmpfs

23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns

24 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd

29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd

30 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 oom_reaper

31 root 0 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback

32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 kcompactd0

33 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# top -----执行top后输入M

top - 22:49:49 up 1:05, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

Tasks: 145 total, 1 running, 144 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st

MiB Mem : 3380.5 total, 2539.1 free, 284.5 used, 556.9 buff/cache

MiB Swap: 8192.0 total, 8192.0 free, 0.0 used. 2735.1 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

895 root 20 0 132164 42332 17984 S 0.0 1.2 0:00.90 firewalld

1533 root 20 0 331972 26280 12468 S 0.3 0.8 0:00.67 lvmdbusd

999 root 20 0 258036 24972 12012 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.92 tuned

789 polkitd 20 0 2590004 23236 18644 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.18 polkitd

978 root 20 0 258144 20636 17680 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.27 NetworkManager

1 root 20 0 168900 17020 8780 S 0.0 0.5 0:01.94 systemd

756 root 20 0 29400 10068 7028 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.27 systemd-udevd

677 root 20 0 22460 9256 8300 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.16 systemd-journal

818 root 20 0 15852 9004 6556 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 systemd-logind

9057 root 20 0 15328 8612 7356 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.03 sshd

1295 root 20 0 163924 7552 3968 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.31 rsyslogd

822 root 20 0 14272 7236 6452 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.03 systemd-machine

3374 root 20 0 13896 6696 5872 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 sshd

795 root 20 0 89348 6072 5292 S 0.0 0.2 0:12.29 rngd

9062 root 20 0 9352 6016 3824 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.09 bash

8985 root 20 0 11792 5768 3728 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.02 bash

9061 root 20 0 15328 5488 4200 S 0.3 0.2 0:00.10 sshd

8978 root 20 0 9948 5416 4564 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 login

726 rpc 20 0 10884 5116 4444 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 rpcbind

777 dbus 20 0 7980 4936 3992 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.25 dbus-daemon

1000 root 20 0 55420 4136 3428 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 gssproxy

824 root 20 0 10864 4124 1260 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 restorecond

13922 root 20 0 9904 3996 3292 R 0.3 0.1 0:00.03 top

1361 root 20 0 7812 3268 2404 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 crond

732 root 16 -4 6984 3228 2680 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 sedispatch

2115 dnsmasq 20 0 8828 2444 2064 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 dnsmasq

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

查看硬盘信息，命令如下：

方法一：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda：50 GiB，53687091200 字节，104857600 个扇区

磁盘型号：VMware Virtual S

单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节

扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节

I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

磁盘标签类型：dos

磁盘标识符：0x4ff24c22

设备启动起点末尾扇区大小 Id 类型

/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 102758400 49G 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg00-lv_root：41 GiB，44019220480 字节，85975040 个扇区

单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节

扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节

I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

Disk /dev/mapper/vg00-lv_swap：8 GiB，8589934592 字节，16777216 个扇区

单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节

扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节

I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

方法二：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# df

文件系统 1K-块已用可用已用% 挂载点

devtmpfs 1713420 0 1713420 0% /dev

tmpfs 1730816 12 1730804 1% /dev/shm

tmpfs 692328 9288 683040 2% /run

tmpfs 4096 0 4096 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/vg00-lv_root 42001520 2532084 37303676 7% /

tmpfs 1730820 0 1730820 0% /tmp

/dev/sda1 996780 89696 838272 10% /boot

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# df -h

文件系统容量已用可用已用% 挂载点

devtmpfs 1.7G 0 1.7G 0% /dev

tmpfs 1.7G 12K 1.7G 1% /dev/shm

tmpfs 677M 9.1M 668M 2% /run

tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/vg00-lv_root 41G 2.5G 36G 7% /

tmpfs 1.7G 0 1.7G 0% /tmp

/dev/sda1 974M 88M 819M 10% /boot

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

方法三：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# mount

proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)

devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=1713420k,nr_inodes=428355,mode=755)

securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)

tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,size=692328k,nr_inodes=819200,mode=755)

tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,size=4096k,nr_inodes=1024,mode=755)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)

pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)

none on /sys/fs/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,blkio)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,cpu,cpuacct)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,net_cls,net_prio)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,cpuset)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,memory)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,pids)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,rdma)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,hugetlb)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,perf_event)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,freezer)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,devices)

cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/files type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,files)

/dev/mapper/vg00-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel)

selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime)

systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=32,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=18845)

hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,pagesize=2M)

tracefs on /sys/kernel/tracing type tracefs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)

mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)

debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)

fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

ramfs on /run/credentials/systemd-sysusers.service type ramfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)

tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,size=1730820k,nr_inodes=1048576)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

查看ip信息，命令如下：

方法一：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# ifconfig

ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500

inet 192.168.0.21 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255

inet6 fe80::9393:f6ae:ced9:7759 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20

ether 00:0c:29:96:c9:d7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

RX packets 42632 bytes 60931074 (58.1 MiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 9811 bytes 646374 (631.2 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10

loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099 mtu 1500

inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255

ether 52:54:00:bc:bb:cd txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

[root@scfuture-21 ~]#

方法二：

[root@scfuture-21 ~]# ip add list

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo