动态代理

Proxy  jdk动态代理,面向接口

cglib   第三方动态代理,面向父类

jdk动态代理

public class Test1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dinner dinner=new Person("张三");

// 通过Porxy动态代理获得一个代理对象,在代理对象中,对某个方法进行增强

// ClassLoader loader,被代理的对象的类加载器

ClassLoader classLoader = dinner.getClass().getClassLoader();

// Class[] interfaces,被代理对象所实现的所有接口

Class[] interaces= dinner.getClass().getInterfaces();

// InvocationHandler h,执行处理器对象,专门用于定义增强的规则

InvocationHandler handler = new InvocationHandler(){

// invoke 当我们让代理对象调用任何方法时,都会触发invoke方法的执行

public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {

// Object proxy, 代理对象

// Method method,被代理的方法

// Object[] args,被代理方法运行时的实参

Object res=null;

if(method.getName().equals("eat")){

System.out.println("饭前洗手");

// 让原有的eat的方法去运行

res =method.invoke(dinner, args);

System.out.println("饭后刷碗");

}else{

// 如果是其他方法,那么正常执行就可以了

res =method.invoke(dinner, args);

}

return res;

}

};

Dinner dinnerProxy =(Dinner) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader,interaces,handler);

//dinnerProxy.eat("包子");

dinnerProxy.drink();

}

}

interface Dinner{

void eat(String foodName);

void drink();

}

class Person implements Dinner{

private String name;

public Person(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public void eat(String foodName) {

System.out.println(name+"正在吃"+foodName);

}

@Override

public void drink( ) {

System.out.println(name+"正在喝茶");

}

}

class Student implements Dinner{

private String name;

public Student(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

@Override

public void eat(String foodName) {

System.out.println(name+"正在食堂吃"+foodName);

}

@Override

public void drink( ) {

System.out.println(name+"正在喝可乐");

}

}

在不修改原有代码,或者没有办法修改原有代码的情况下,增强对象功能,使用代理对象代替原来的对象去完成功能,进而达到拓展功能的目的

JDK Proxy 动态代理是面向接口的动态代理,一定要有接口和实现类的存在,代理对象增强的是实现类实现接口时重写的方法 

生成的代理对象只能转换成接口,不能转换成被代理类(上面只能是Dinner,不能是Person或Student)

代理对象只能增强接口中定义的方法, 实现类中其他和接口无关的方法是无法增强的

代理对象只能读取到接口中方法上的注解,不能读取到实现类方法上的注解

cglib动态代理

面向父类的,和接口没有直接关系

不仅仅可以增强接口中定义的方法,还可以增强一个类的其他方法

可以读取父类中方法上的所有注解

public class Test1 {

@Test

public void testCglib(){

Person person =new Person();

// 1 获得一个Enhancer对象

Enhancer enhancer=new Enhancer();

// 2 设置父类字节码

enhancer.setSuperclass(person.getClass());

// 3 获取MethodIntercepter对象 用于定义增强规则

MethodInterceptor methodInterceptor=new MethodInterceptor() {

@Override

public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {

/*Object o, 生成之后的代理对象 personProxy

Method method, 父类中原本要执行的方法 Person>>> eat()

Object[] objects, 方法在调用时传入的实参数组

MethodProxy methodProxy 子类中重写父类的方法 personProxy >>> eat()

*/

Object res =null;

if(method.getName().equals("eat")){

// 如果是eat方法 则增强并运行

System.out.println("饭前洗手");

res=methodProxy.invokeSuper(o,objects);

System.out.println("饭后刷碗");

}else{

// 如果是其他方法 不增强运行

res=methodProxy.invokeSuper(o,objects); // 子类对象方法在执行,默认会调用父类对应被重写的方法

}

return res;

}

};

// 4 设置methodInterceptor

enhancer.setCallback(methodInterceptor);

// 5 获得代理对象

Person personProxy = (Person)enhancer.create();

// 6 使用代理对象完成功能

personProxy.eat("包子");

}

}

class Person {

public Person( ) {

}

public void eat(String foodName) {

System.out.println("张三正在吃"+foodName);

}

}

AOP概念

AOP切面编程一般可以帮助我们在不修改现有代码的情况下,对程序的功能进行拓展,往往用于实现日志处理,权限控制,性能检测,事务控制等

AOP实现的原理就是动态代理

在有接口的情况下,使用JDK动态代理,在没有接口的情况下使用cglib动态代理

开闭原则:对于扩展是开放的,但是对于修改是封闭的

连接点 Joint point

类里面那些可以被增强的方法,这些方法称之为连接点(可以被增强,不一定真的被增强了)

 切入点 Pointcut

实际被增强的方法,称之为切入点

通知 Advice

实际增强的逻辑部分称为通知 (增加的功能)

通知类型: 1 前置通知 2 后置通知 3 环绕通知 4 异常通知 5 最终通知

目标对象 Target

被增强功能的对象(被代理的对象)

织入 Advice 的目标对象

切面Aspect

表现为功能相关的一些advice方法放在一起声明成的一个Java类

织入 Weaving

创建代理对象并实现功能增强的声明并运行过程

切入点表达式

execution([权限修饰符][返回值类型][类的全路径名][方法名](参数 列表) )

execution(* com.msb.dao.UserDaoImpl.add(..))  //指定切点为UserDaoImpl.add方法 

execution(* com.msb.dao.UserDaoImpl.*(..))      //指定切点为UserDaoImpl.所有的方法 

execution(* com.msb.dao.*.*(..))                         //指定切点为dao包下所有的类中的所有的方法 

execution(* com.msb.dao.*.add(..))                     // 指定切点为dao包下所有的类中的add的方法 

execution(* com.msb.dao.*.add*(..))                   // 指定切点为dao包下所有的类中的add开头的方法 

通知类型

前置通知@Before

切点方法执行之前先执行的功能,参数列表可以用JoinPoint接收切点对象

后置通知@After

方法执行之后要增强的功能,无论切点方法是否出现异常都会执行的方法(最终通知)

返回通知@AfterReturning

切点方法正常运行结束后增强的功能,

@AfterReturning( value = "execution(* com.msb.dao.UserDaoImpl.add(..))",returning = "res")

public void methodAfterReturning(JoinPoint joinPoint,Object res){

System.out.println("AfterReturning invoked");

}

如果方法运行过程中出现异常,则该功能不运行

参数列表可以用 JoinPoint joinPoint接收切点对象 可以用Object res接收方法返回值,需要用returning指定返回值名称

异常通知 @AfterThrowing

切点方法出现异常时运行的增强功能,如果方法运行没有出现异常,则该功能不运行

参数列表可以用Exception ex接收异常对象 需要通过throwing指定异常名称

@AfterThrowing( value = "execution(* com.msb.dao.UserDaoImpl.add(..))",throwing = "ex")

public void methodAfterThrowing(Exception ex){

System.out.println("AfterThrowing invoked");

}

环绕通知@Around

在切点方法之前和之后都进行功能的增强

需要在通知中定义方法执行的位置,并在执行位置之前和之后自定义增强的功能

方法列表可以通过ProceedingJoinPoint获取执行的切点

通过proceedingJoinPoint.proceed()方法控制切点方法的执行位置

proceedingJoinPoint.proceed()方法会将切点方法的返回值获取到,可以用来做后续处理

我们在环绕通知的最后需要将切点方法的返回值继续向上返回,否则切点方法在执行时接收不到返回值

@Around("execution(* com.msb.dao.UserDaoImpl.add(..))")

public Object methodAround(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {

System.out.println("aroundA invoked");

Object proceed = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();

System.out.println("aroundB invoked");

return proceed;

}

公共切点

定义

@Pointcut("execution(* com.msb.dao.*.add*(..))")

public void addPointCut(){}

使用

@Before("addPointCut()")

通知顺序:@Around before =》@Before =》方法调用=》@AfterReturning/@AfterThrowing=》@After=》@Around after

 @Order

可以指定代理顺序,数字越小,越靠后被代理,也就是@Around before越先执行

@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass=true)

开启自动代理

使用aop需要开启包扫描和开启自动代理

JdbcTemplate

可以使用JdbcTemplate实现查询

// 查询个数

Integer empCount = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(1) from emp", Integer.class);

// 查询单个对象

BeanPropertyRowMapper rowMapper =new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Emp.class);

Emp emp = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from emp where empno =?", rowMapper, empno);

插入 

// 批量新增操作

String sql ="insert into dept values(DEFAULT,?,?)";

List args =new LinkedList<>();

for (Dept dept : depts) {

Object[] arg ={dept.getDname(),dept.getLoc()};

args.add(arg);

}

return jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, args);

查看接口实现类

ctrl + h

事务

@Transactional注解放在类上,表示该类中所有方法都加事务

加了@Transactional注解后,该方法中两个dao操作会保持原子性

@Transactional的参数

public @interface Transactional {

/**

* Alias for {@link #transactionManager}.

* @see #transactionManager

*/

@AliasFor("transactionManager")

String value() default "";

/**

* A qualifier value for the specified transaction.

*

May be used to determine the target transaction manager, matching the

* qualifier value (or the bean name) of a specific

* {@link org.springframework.transaction.TransactionManager TransactionManager}

* bean definition.

* @since 4.2

* @see #value

* @see org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager

* @see org.springframework.transaction.ReactiveTransactionManager

*/

@AliasFor("value")

String transactionManager() default "";

/**

* The transaction propagation type.

*

Defaults to {@link Propagation#REQUIRED}.

* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute#getPropagationBehavior()

*/

Propagation propagation() default Propagation.REQUIRED;

/**

* The transaction isolation level.

*

Defaults to {@link Isolation#DEFAULT}.

*

Exclusively designed for use with {@link Propagation#REQUIRED} or

* {@link Propagation#REQUIRES_NEW} since it only applies to newly started

* transactions. Consider switching the "validateExistingTransactions" flag to

* "true" on your transaction manager if you'd like isolation level declarations

* to get rejected when participating in an existing transaction with a different

* isolation level.

* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute#getIsolationLevel()

* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager#setValidateExistingTransaction

*/

Isolation isolation() default Isolation.DEFAULT;

/**

* The timeout for this transaction (in seconds).

*

Defaults to the default timeout of the underlying transaction system.

*

Exclusively designed for use with {@link Propagation#REQUIRED} or

* {@link Propagation#REQUIRES_NEW} since it only applies to newly started

* transactions.

* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute#getTimeout()

*/

int timeout() default TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;

/**

* A boolean flag that can be set to {@code true} if the transaction is

* effectively read-only, allowing for corresponding optimizations at runtime.

*

Defaults to {@code false}.

*

This just serves as a hint for the actual transaction subsystem;

* it will not necessarily cause failure of write access attempts.

* A transaction manager which cannot interpret the read-only hint will

* not throw an exception when asked for a read-only transaction

* but rather silently ignore the hint.

* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute#isReadOnly()

* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()

*/

boolean readOnly() default false;

/**

* Defines zero (0) or more exception {@link Class classes}, which must be

* subclasses of {@link Throwable}, indicating which exception types must cause

* a transaction rollback.

*

By default, a transaction will be rolling back on {@link RuntimeException}

* and {@link Error} but not on checked exceptions (business exceptions). See

* {@link org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)}

* for a detailed explanation.

*

This is the preferred way to construct a rollback rule (in contrast to

* {@link #rollbackForClassName}), matching the exception class and its subclasses.

*

Similar to {@link org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute#RollbackRuleAttribute(Class clazz)}.

* @see #rollbackForClassName

* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)

*/

Class[] rollbackFor() default {};

/**

* Defines zero (0) or more exception names (for exceptions which must be a

* subclass of {@link Throwable}), indicating which exception types must cause

* a transaction rollback.

*

This can be a substring of a fully qualified class name, with no wildcard

* support at present. For example, a value of {@code "ServletException"} would

* match {@code javax.servlet.ServletException} and its subclasses.

*

NB: Consider carefully how specific the pattern is and whether

* to include package information (which isn't mandatory). For example,

* {@code "Exception"} will match nearly anything and will probably hide other

* rules. {@code "java.lang.Exception"} would be correct if {@code "Exception"}

* were meant to define a rule for all checked exceptions. With more unusual

* {@link Exception} names such as {@code "BaseBusinessException"} there is no

* need to use a FQN.

*

Similar to {@link org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute#RollbackRuleAttribute(String exceptionName)}.

* @see #rollbackFor

* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)

*/

String[] rollbackForClassName() default {};

/**

* Defines zero (0) or more exception {@link Class Classes}, which must be

* subclasses of {@link Throwable}, indicating which exception types must

* not cause a transaction rollback.

*

This is the preferred way to construct a rollback rule (in contrast

* to {@link #noRollbackForClassName}), matching the exception class and

* its subclasses.

*

Similar to {@link org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NoRollbackRuleAttribute#NoRollbackRuleAttribute(Class clazz)}.

* @see #noRollbackForClassName

* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)

*/

Class[] noRollbackFor() default {};

/**

* Defines zero (0) or more exception names (for exceptions which must be a

* subclass of {@link Throwable}) indicating which exception types must not

* cause a transaction rollback.

*

See the description of {@link #rollbackForClassName} for further

* information on how the specified names are treated.

*

Similar to {@link org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NoRollbackRuleAttribute#NoRollbackRuleAttribute(String exceptionName)}.

* @see #noRollbackFor

* @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.DefaultTransactionAttribute#rollbackOn(Throwable)

*/

String[] noRollbackForClassName() default {};

}

事务的传播行为:多事务方法之间调用,事务是如何管理的

Junit用法

spring中junit4

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration("classpath:xxx.xml")

public class Test05 {

}

spring中junit5

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)

@ContextConfiguration("classpath:xxx.xml")

public class Test06 {

}

相当于

@SpringJUnitConfig(locations = "xxx.xml")

public class Test06 {

}

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