RabbitMQ RabbitMQ是一个被广泛使用的开源消息队列。它是轻量级且易于部署的,它能支持多种消息协议。RabbitMQ可以部署在分布式和联合配置中,以满足高规模、高可用性的需求。

RabbitMQ的安装和使用

安装Erlang

下载地址:http://erlang.org/download/otp_win64_21.3.exe

安装RabbitMQ

下载地址:https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/all/rabbitmq-server/3.7.14/rabbitmq-server-3.7.14.exe

安装完成后,进入RabbitMQ安装目录下的sbin目录

在地址栏输入cmd并回车启动命令行,然后输入以下命令启动管理功能:

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

访问地址查看是否安装成功:http://localhost:15672/

输入账号密码并登录:guest guest

创建帐号并设置其角色为管理员:mall mall

创建一个新的虚拟host为:/mall

点击mall用户进入用户配置页面

给mall用户配置该虚拟host的权限

RabbitMQ的消息模型

整合RabbitMQ实现延迟消息

模拟应用场景:用户下单以后,订单超时如何取消订单的问题

用户进行下单操作(会有锁定商品库存、使用优惠券、积分一系列的操作); 1.生成订单,获取订单的id; 2.获取到设置的订单超时时间(假设设置的为60分钟不支付取消订单); 3.按订单超时时间发送一个延迟消息给RabbitMQ,让它在订单超时后触发取消订单的操作; 4.如果用户没有支付,进行取消订单操作

在pom.xml中添加相关依赖

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-amqp

org.projectlombok

lombok

true

修改SpringBoot配置文件

修改application.yml文件,在spring节点下添加Mongodb相关配置

rabbitmq:

host: localhost # rabbitmq的连接地址

port: 5672 # rabbitmq的连接端口号

virtual-host: /mall # rabbitmq的虚拟host

username: mall # rabbitmq的用户名

password: mall # rabbitmq的密码

publisher-confirms: true #如果对异步消息需要回调必须设置为true

添加消息队列的枚举配置类QueueEnum

用于延迟消息队列及处理取消订单消息队列的常量定义,包括交换机名称、队列名称、路由键名称

package org.yxin.entity;

import lombok.Getter;

/**

* 消息队列枚举配置

* Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.

*/

@Getter

public enum QueueEnum {

/**

* 消息通知队列

*/

QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL("mall.order.direct", "mall.order.cancel", "mall.order.cancel"),

/**

* 消息通知ttl队列

*/

QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL("mall.order.direct.ttl", "mall.order.cancel.ttl", "mall.order.cancel.ttl"),

/**

* helloworld队列

*/

QUEUE_HELLO_WORLD("mall.hello.world", "mall.hello.world", "mall.hello.world");

/**

* 交换名称

*/

private String exchange;

/**

* 队列名称

*/

private String name;

/**

* 路由键

*/

private String routeKey;

QueueEnum(String exchange, String name, String routeKey) {

this.exchange = exchange;

this.name = name;

this.routeKey = routeKey;

}

}

添加RabbitMQ的配置

package org.yxin.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.yxin.entity.QueueEnum;

/**

1. 消息队列配置

2. Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.

*/

@Configuration

public class RabbitMqConfig {

/**

* 订单消息实际消费队列所绑定的交换机

*/

@Bean

DirectExchange orderDirect() {

return (DirectExchange) ExchangeBuilder

.directExchange(QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getExchange())

.durable(true)

.build();

}

/**

* 订单延迟队列所绑定的交换机

*/

@Bean

DirectExchange orderTtlDirect() {

return (DirectExchange) ExchangeBuilder

.directExchange(QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getExchange())

.durable(true)

.build();

}

/**

* helloworld交换机

*/

@Bean

DirectExchange helloDirect() {

return (DirectExchange) ExchangeBuilder

.directExchange(QueueEnum.QUEUE_HELLO_WORLD.getExchange())

.durable(true)

.build();

}

/**

* 订单实际消费队列

*/

@Bean

public Queue orderQueue() {

return new Queue(QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getName());

}

/**

* 订单延迟队列(死信队列)

*/

@Bean

public Queue orderTtlQueue() {

return QueueBuilder

.durable(QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getName())

.withArgument("x-dead-letter-exchange", QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getExchange())//到期后转发的交换机

.withArgument("x-dead-letter-routing-key", QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getRouteKey())//到期后转发的路由键

.build();

}

/**

* helloworld队列

*/

@Bean

public Queue helloQueue() {

return new Queue(QueueEnum.QUEUE_HELLO_WORLD.getName());

}

/**

* 将订单队列绑定到交换机

*/

@Bean

Binding orderBinding(DirectExchange orderDirect,Queue orderQueue){

return BindingBuilder

.bind(orderQueue)

.to(orderDirect)

.with(QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getRouteKey());

}

/**

* 将订单延迟队列绑定到交换机

*/

@Bean

Binding orderTtlBinding(DirectExchange orderTtlDirect,Queue orderTtlQueue){

return BindingBuilder

.bind(orderTtlQueue)

.to(orderTtlDirect)

.with(QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getRouteKey());

}

/**

* 将hello队列绑定到交换机

*/

@Bean

Binding helloBinding(DirectExchange helloDirect,Queue helloQueue){

return BindingBuilder

.bind(helloQueue)

.to(helloDirect)

.with(QueueEnum.QUEUE_HELLO_WORLD.getRouteKey());

}

}

在RabbitMQ管理页面可以看到以下交换机和队列

交换机及队列说明

mall.order.direct(取消订单消息队列所绑定的交换机):绑定的队列为mall.order.cancel,一旦有消息以mall.order.cancel为路由键发过来,会发送到此队列。 mall.order.direct.ttl(订单延迟消息队列所绑定的交换机):绑定的队列为mall.order.cancel.ttl,一旦有消息以mall.order.cancel.ttl为路由键发送过来,会转发到此队列,并在此队列保存一定时间,等到超时后会自动将消息发送到mall.order.cancel(取消订单消息消费队列)

添加延迟消息的发送者CancelOrderSender

package org.yxin.component;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import org.yxin.entity.QueueEnum;

/**

* 取消订单消息的发出者

* Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.

*/

@Component

public class CancelOrderSender {

private static Logger LOGGER =LoggerFactory.getLogger(CancelOrderSender.class);

@Autowired

private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;

public void sendMessage(Long orderId,final long delayTimes){

//给延迟队列发送消息

amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getExchange(), QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getRouteKey(), orderId, new MessagePostProcessor() {

@Override

public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {

//给消息设置延迟毫秒值

message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(String.valueOf(delayTimes));

return message;

}

});

LOGGER.info("send delay message orderId:{}",orderId);

}

}

添加取消订单消息的接收者CancelOrderReceiver

用于从取消订单的消息队列(mall.order.cancel)里接收消息

package org.yxin.component;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import org.yxin.service.OmsPortalOrderService;

/**

* 取消订单消息的处理者

* Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.

*/

@Component

@RabbitListener(queues = "mall.order.cancel")

public class CancelOrderReceiver {

private static Logger LOGGER =LoggerFactory.getLogger(CancelOrderReceiver.class);

@Autowired

private OmsPortalOrderService portalOrderService;

@RabbitHandler

public void handle(Long orderId){

LOGGER.info("receive delay message orderId:{}",orderId);

portalOrderService.cancelOrder(orderId);

}

}

添加OmsPortalOrderService接口

package org.yxin.service;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import org.yxin.common.api.CommonResult;

import org.yxin.entity.OrderParam;

/**

* 前台订单管理Service

* Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.

*/

public interface OmsPortalOrderService {

/**

* 根据提交信息生成订单

*/

@Transactional

CommonResult generateOrder(OrderParam orderParam);

/**

* 取消单个超时订单

*/

@Transactional

void cancelOrder(Long orderId);

}

添加OmsPortalOrderService的实现类OmsPortalOrderServiceImpl

package org.yxin.service.impl;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import org.yxin.common.api.CommonResult;

import org.yxin.component.CancelOrderSender;

import org.yxin.component.HelloOrderSender;

import org.yxin.entity.OrderParam;

import org.yxin.service.OmsPortalOrderService;

/**

* 前台订单管理Service

* Created by dyx on 2023/8/30.

*/

@Service

public class OmsPortalOrderServiceImpl implements OmsPortalOrderService {

private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OmsPortalOrderServiceImpl.class);

@Autowired

private CancelOrderSender cancelOrderSender;

@Autowired

private HelloOrderSender helloOrderSender;

@Override

public CommonResult generateOrder(OrderParam orderParam) {

//todo 执行一系类下单操作,具体参考mall项目

LOGGER.info("process generateOrder");

//下单完成后开启一个延迟消息,用于当用户没有付款时取消订单(orderId应该在下单后生成)

sendDelayMessageCancelOrder(11L);

return CommonResult.success(null, "下单成功");

}

@Override

public void cancelOrder(Long orderId) {

LOGGER.info("process cancelOrder orderId:{}",orderId);

}

private void sendDelayMessageCancelOrder(Long orderId) {

//获取订单超时时间,假设为60分钟(测试用的30秒)

long delayTimes = 30 * 1000;

//发送延迟消息

cancelOrderSender.sendMessage(orderId, delayTimes);

helloOrderSender.sendMessage(orderId, delayTimes);

}

}

添加OmsPortalOrderController定义接口

package org.yxin.controller;

import io.swagger.annotations.Api;

import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import org.yxin.entity.OrderParam;

import org.yxin.service.OmsPortalOrderService;

/**

* 订单管理Controller

* Created by dyx on 2023/8/30.

*/

@Controller

@Api(tags = "OmsPortalOrderController", description = "订单管理")

@RequestMapping("/order")

public class OmsPortalOrderController {

@Autowired

private OmsPortalOrderService portalOrderService;

@ApiOperation("根据购物车信息生成订单")

@RequestMapping(value = "/generateOrder", method = RequestMethod.POST)

@ResponseBody

public Object generateOrder(@RequestBody OrderParam orderParam) {

return portalOrderService.generateOrder(orderParam);

}

}

进行接口测试

调用下单接口

注意:已经将延迟消息时间设置为30秒

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