linux 运维 基于 RK3588 构建 Ubuntu 22.04 根文件系统

文章目录

一、环境准备1.1 下载 Ubuntu Base1.2 安装依赖软件1.3 解压根文件系统1.4 配置根文件系统1.5 挂载根文件系统

二、构建根文件系统2.1 为根文件系统安装必要软件2.2 安装和配置桌面环境2.3 修改root用户密码，添加新用户2.4 设置主机名和主机解析2.5 配置网卡2.6 设置开机免密登录到图形界面2.7 禁用系统休眠2.8 安装开发板驱动2.9 其他配置修改

三、打包根文件系统镜像3.1 打包镜像3.2 烧录镜像

参考资料

一、环境准备

以下内容在 Rockchip 的 Linux SDK 目录下完成，请先解压 Linux SDK。

1.1 下载 Ubuntu Base

Ubuntu-Base 是Ubuntu官方构建的ubuntu最小文件系统，基础包大小通常只有几十兆，可以很方便的个性化定制嵌入式环境。使用北京外国语大学镜像站加速下载，注意选择根据开发板架构选择arm64或其他架构。

wget https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cdimage/ubuntu-base/releases/22.04.2/release/ubuntu-base-22.04.2-base-arm64.tar.gz

1.2 安装依赖软件

# 安装依赖软件

sudo apt-get install git ssh make gcc libssl-dev liblz4-tool expect g++ patchelf chrpath gawk texinfo chrpath diffstat binfmt-support qemu-user-static live-build bison flex fakeroot cmake gcc-multilib g++-multilib unzip device-tree-compiler ncurses-dev python-is-python3 python-dev-is-python3 -y

1.3 解压根文件系统

# 创建一个文件夹存放根文件系统

mkdir ubuntu_rootfs

# 解压到文件夹

sudo tar -xvf ubuntu-base-22.04-base-arm64.tar.gz -C ubuntu_rootfs/

1.4 配置根文件系统

解压完成后，需要配置根文件系统的网络、软件源以及仿真开发环境。

# 配置网络，复制本机 resolv.conf 文件

sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf ubuntu_rootfs/etc/resolv.conf

sudo echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" >> ubuntu_rootfs/etc/resolv.conf

sudo echo "nameserver 114.114.114.114" >> ubuntu_rootfs/etc/resolv.conf

更换软件源，加快安装软件速度，这里选择北京外国语大学镜像站，注意 Arm 版本的镜像为 ubuntu-ports。

# 编辑根文件系统中的软件源配置文件

sudo vim ./ubuntu_rootfs/etc/apt/sources.list

以下是 Ubuntu 22.04 版本的镜像，请注意删除根文件系统 ./ubuntu_rootfs/etc/apt/sources.list 文件中原有的内容。

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释

deb http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# # deb-src http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用

# deb http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# # deb-src http://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

配置仿真开发板运行环境

X86 架构下的Ubuntu 系统默认不支持Arm架构，可以通过安装 qemu-user-static 实现仿真运行，从而构建 ubuntu 文件系统。

# 拷贝 qemu-aarch64-static 到 ubuntu_rootfs/usr/bin/ 目录下。

sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static ubuntu_rootfs/usr/bin/

1.5 挂载根文件系统

首先编写挂载脚本 mount.sh，用于挂载根文件系统运行所需要的设备和目录。

#!/bin/bash

mnt() {

echo "MOUNTING"

sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}proc

sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}sys

sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}dev

sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}dev/pts

# sudo chroot ${2}

}

umnt() {

echo "UNMOUNTING"

sudo umount ${2}proc

sudo umount ${2}sys

sudo umount ${2}dev/pts

sudo umount ${2}dev

}

if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;

then

mnt $1 $2

elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];

then

umnt $1 $2

else

echo ""

echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"

echo ""

echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"

echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"

echo ""

echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"

echo ""

echo 1st parameter : ${1}

echo 2nd parameter : ${2}

fi

保存退出后，给脚本增加执行权限，并挂载。

# 增加脚本执行权限

sudo chmod +x mount.sh

# 挂载文件系统

./mount.sh -m ubuntu_rootfs/

# 进入根文件系统

sudo chroot ubuntu_rootfs/

退出根文件系统后，需要卸载文件系统，可用以下命令。

# 卸载文件系统

./mount.sh -u ubuntu_rootfs/

二、构建根文件系统

2.1 为根文件系统安装必要软件

# 更新软件

apt update

apt upgrade -y

# 必要工具

apt install vim bash-completion net-tools iputils-ping ifupdown ethtool ssh rsync udev htop rsyslog curl openssh-server apt-utils dialog nfs-common psmisc language-pack-en-base sudo kmod apt-transport-https -y

以下内容可选安装

# 网络、Wi-Fi & 蓝牙

apt install bluetooth* bluez* blueman* wireless-tools network-manager -y

# 开发工具

apt install gcc g++ make cmake ninja-build build-essential ffmpeg libopencv-dev libv4l-dev v4l-utils yavta -y

# OpenGL

apt install mesa-utils libgl1-mesa-dev -y

#OpenCL

apt install ocl-icd-* opencl-headers clinfo -y

#Vulkan

apt install mesa-* libwayland-dev libxrandr-dev libvulkan1 mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-tools libvulkan-dev -y

# GStreamer

apt install gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps gstreamer1.0-opencv -y

# Qt6

apt install libqt6widgets6 libqt6websockets6-dev libqt6websockets6 libqt6webchannel6 libqt6waylandclient6 libqt6uitools6 libqt6sql6-sqlite libqt6sql6 libqt6serialport6 libqt6multimedia6 libqt6multimediawidgets6 libqt6core5compat6 libqt6concurrent6 libqt6core6 qt6-wayland-dev qt6-wayland qt6-wayland-dev-tools qt6-image-formats-plugins libqt6concurrent6 libqt6opengl6 libqt6openglwidgets6 qt6-tools-dev qt6-multimedia-dev qt6-tools-dev-tools qt6-qpa-plugins qt6-l10n-tools qt6-image-formats-plugins qt6-base-dev-tools linguist-qt6 libqt6serialport6-dev -y

# ntfs exfat

apt install exfat* ntfs-3g -y

# 输入法

apt install ibus-pinyin ibus-sunpinyin -y

# 视频播放

apt install libdvdnav4 ubuntu-restricted-extras vlc -y

# Eigen

apt install libeigen3-dev -y

# xkb

apt install libxkbcommon-dev -y

2.2 安装和配置桌面环境

# 安装 GNOME 最小桌面环境

apt install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop -y

# 设置开机默认切换到图形界面

systemctl set-default graphical.target

# 安装时区

apt install locales tzdata

# 时区选择

dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

# Asia/Shanghai

# 勾选英文/中文环境

dpkg-reconfigure locales

# en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

# zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

2.3 修改root用户密码，添加新用户

# 修改 root 密码

passwd root

# 添加新用户并设置密码

adduser m1

修改 /etc/sudoers 文件，用于控制哪些用户可以以超级管理员（root）的身份执行特定的命令。

# 编辑 /etc/sudoers

vim /etc/sudoers

添加以下内容

m1 ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

添加完成后

2.4 设置主机名和主机解析

# 主机名

echo "RK3588" > /etc/hostname

# 主机 IP

echo "127.0.0.1 localhost" >> /etc/hosts

echo "127.0.0.1 RK3588" >> /etc/hosts

echo "127.0.0.1 localhost RK3588" >> /etc/hosts

2.5 配置网卡

Network-Manager 服务会自动配置网卡,但是其默认配置文件将 Ethernet 加入了黑名单，会导致 Ubuntu 提示 unmanned。

# 编辑文件

vim /usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf

# 文件内容修改为

[keyfile]

unmanaged-devices=*,except:type:ethernet,except:type:wifi,except:type:gsm,except:type:cdma

RK3588开发板有两块网卡，因此将两块网卡默认配置为自动DHCP获取。

# 网卡0

echo "auto eth0" > /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

echo "iface eth0 inet dhcp" >> /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

# 网卡1

echo "auto eth1" > /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth1

echo "iface eth1 inet dhcp" >> /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth1

在实际测试中网口必须接入网线系统才能正常启动，就是在不联网的情况下，每次开机都要等待很久，卡在网络连接上5分钟。

修改下面这个文件

vim /lib/systemd/system/networking.service

将里面的TimeoutStartSec=5min 修改为：

TimeoutStartSec=5sec

2.6 设置开机免密登录到图形界面

修改 LightDM 登录管理器

# 修改

vim /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf

# 添加下面的内容

greeter-show-manual-login=true #手动输入登陆系统的用户名和密码

all-guest=false #不允许guest登录

修改 gdm-autologin 的PAM认证配置，可以允许root账户进行自动登录。

vim /etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin

# 注释掉下面这行

# auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success

修改 gdm-password的PAM认证配置，可以允许root账户进行自动登录。

vim /etc/pam.d/gdm-password

# 注释掉下面这行

# auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success

配置检查当前终端是否可用

vim /root/.profile

# 添加下面的内容，替换掉 mesg n || true 这一行

tty -s && mesg n || true

修改GDM3的配置文件

vim /etc/gdm3/custom.conf

# 添加下面的内容，AutomaticLogin即自动登录的账户名

[daemon]

AutomaticLoginEnable=true # 开启自动登录功能。

AutomaticLogin=root # 自动登录的账户名为root。

TimedLoginEnable=true # 开启定时登录功能。

TimedLogin=user # 定时登录的账户名为root。

TimedLoginDelay=10 # 定时登录前等待10秒钟。

2.7 禁用系统休眠

# 设置禁止休眠

systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target

# 查看休眠状态

systemctl status sleep.target

2.8 安装开发板驱动

Wi-Fi、蓝牙、CH341串口驱动等需要先通过 kernel 编译成驱动模块。

# 在SDK根目录下执行命令，生成驱动文件

./build.sh modules

根据需要安装开发板驱动和其他配置文件，可使用 mk-rootfs-ubuntu.sh 自动执行，请注意该脚本需要按需要修改。

# 执行脚本

sudo ./mk-rootfs-ubuntu.sh

2.9 其他配置修改

# 驱动自动加载，修改init.d下的配置文件

# 设置系统默认壁纸

xrandr left

# 设置系统自动横屏

# 设置 vim 默认配置 .vimrc

# 设置 ssh 允许 root 远程登录 .sshdconfig

# 安装配置管理工具

sudo apt-get install x11-xserver-utils dconf-editor dbus-x11 -y

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver lock-enabled false

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 60

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver lock-delay 5

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xrandr rotation 'right'

三、打包根文件系统镜像

3.1 打包镜像

使用 mk-image.sh 脚本打包

# 打包

sudo ./mk-image.sh

mk-image.sh 内容如下：

#!/bin/bash -e # 使用bash解释器，并开启错误检查模式

TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR=./ubuntu_rootfs # 定义目标根文件系统目录路径

ROOTFSIMAGE=ubuntu-rootfs.img # 定义根文件系统镜像文件名

EXTRA_SIZE_MB=300 # 定义额外的磁盘空间大小

IMAGE_SIZE_MB=$(( $(sudo du -sh -m ${TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR} | cut -f1) + ${EXTRA_SIZE_MB} )) # 计算根文件系统镜像文件大小

echo Making rootfs! # 输出提示信息

if [ -e ${ROOTFSIMAGE} ]; then # 如果根文件系统镜像文件已经存在，则删除

rm ${ROOTFSIMAGE}

fi

sudo ./post-build.sh ${TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR} # 运行post-build.sh脚本，完成根文件系统的后处理工作

dd if=/dev/zero of=${ROOTFSIMAGE} bs=1M count=0 seek=${IMAGE_SIZE_MB} # 创建指定大小的空白镜像文件

sudo mkfs.ext4 -d ${TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR} ${ROOTFSIMAGE} # 在指定目录下创建ext4文件系统，并将其写入到镜像文件中

echo Rootfs Image: ${ROOTFSIMAGE} # 输出根文件系统镜像文件名

post-build.sh 内容如下：

#!/bin/bash -e

TARGET_DIR=$1

shift

RK_LEGACY_PARTITIONS=" \

${RK_OEM_FS_TYPE:+oem:/oem:${RK_OEM_FS_TYPE}}

${RK_USERDATA_FS_TYPE:+userdata:/userdata:${RK_USERDATA_FS_TYPE}}

"

# :::, for example:

# RK_EXTRA_PARTITIONS="oem:/oem:ext2:oem_normal userdata:/userdata:vfat:userdata_empty"

RK_EXTRA_PARTITIONS=${RK_EXTRA_PARTITIONS:-${RK_LEGACY_PARTITIONS}}

function fixup_root()

{

echo "Fixing up rootfs type: $1"

FS_TYPE=$1

sed -i "s#\([[:space:]]/[[:space:]]\+\)\w\+#\1${FS_TYPE}#" \

${TARGET_DIR}/etc/fstab

}

function fixup_part()

{

echo "Fixing up partition: $@"

if echo $1 | grep -qE "^/"; then

DEV=$1

else

DEV="PARTLABEL=$1"

fi

MOUNT=${2:-/$1}

FS_TYPE=${3:-auto}

OPT=${4:-defaults}

sed -i "#[[:space:]]${MOUNT}[[:space:]]#d" ${TARGET_DIR}/etc/fstab

echo -e "${DEV}\t${MOUNT}\t${FS_TYPE}\t${OPT}\t0 2" >> \

${TARGET_DIR}/etc/fstab

mkdir -p ${TARGET_DIR}/${MOUNT}

}

function fixup_fstab()

{

echo "Fixing up /etc/fstab..."

case "${RK_ROOTFS_TYPE}" in

ext[234])

fixup_root ${RK_ROOTFS_TYPE}

;;

*)

fixup_root auto

;;

esac

for part in ${RK_EXTRA_PARTITIONS}; do

fixup_part $(echo "${part}" | xargs -d':')

done

}

function add_build_info()

{

[ -f ${TARGET_DIR}/etc/os-release ] && \

sed -i "/^BUILD_ID=/d" ${TARGET_DIR}/etc/os-release

echo "Adding build-info to /etc/os-release..."

echo "BUILD_INFO=\"$(whoami)@$(hostname) $(date)${@:+ - $@}\"" >> \

${TARGET_DIR}/etc/os-release

}

function add_dirs_and_links()

{

echo "Adding dirs and links..."

cd ${TARGET_DIR}

mkdir -p mnt/sdcard mnt/usb0

ln -sf media/usb0 udisk

ln -sf mnt/sdcard sdcard

ln -sf userdata data

}

echo "Executing $(basename $0)..."

add_build_info $@

[ -f ${TARGET_DIR}/etc/fstab ] && fixup_fstab

add_dirs_and_links

exit 0

mk-rootfs-ubuntu.sh 内容如下：

#!/bin/bash -e

# Directory contains the target rootfs

#TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR="binary"

TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR="ubuntu_rootfs"

ARCH=arm64

echo -e "\033[36m Building for $ARCH \033[0m"

#if [ -d "$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR" ]; then

# Control will enter here if $DIRECTORY exists.

# rm -rf $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR

# sleep 5

#fi

#if [ ! -e ubuntu-22.04.1-arm64.tar.gz ]; then

# echo "\033[please put ubuntu-22.04.1-arm64.tar.gz file in this contents \033[0m"

# exit -1

#fi

finish() {

sudo umount $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/dev

exit -1

}

trap finish ERR

echo -e "\033[36m Extract image \033[0m"

# sudo tar -xpf ubuntu-22.04.1-arm64.tar.gz

# packages folder

sudo mkdir -p $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/packages

sudo cp -rf packages/$ARCH/* $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/packages

# overlay folder

sudo cp -rf overlay/* $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/

# overlay-firmware folder

sudo cp -rf overlay-firmware/* $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/

# overlay-debug folder

# adb, video, camera test file

sudo cp -rf overlay-debug/* $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/

## hack the serial

sudo cp -f overlay/usr/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service

# adb

sudo cp -f overlay-debug/usr/local/share/adb/adbd-64 $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/usr/bin/adbd

# bt/wifi firmware

sudo mkdir -p $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/system/lib/modules/

sudo mkdir -p $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/vendor/etc

sudo find ../kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rockchip_wlan/* -name "*.ko" | \

xargs -n1 -i sudo cp {} $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/system/lib/modules/

sudo find ../kernel/drivers/bluetooth/* -name "*.ko" | \

xargs -n1 -i sudo cp {} $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/system/lib/modules/

#ch341

sudo find ../kernel/drivers/usb/serial/* -name "*.ko" | \

xargs -n1 -i sudo cp {} $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/system/lib/modules/

echo -e "\033[36m Change root.....................\033[0m"

#sudo cp -f /etc/resolv.conf $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/

#sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/usr/bin/

sudo mount -o bind /dev $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/dev

sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/dev/pts

cat << EOF | sudo chroot $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/

apt-get update

apt-get upgrade -y

chmod o+x /usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper

export APT_INSTALL="apt-get install -fy --allow-downgrades"

apt remove -fy firefox-esr chromium* firefox

#---------------power management --------------

\${APT_INSTALL} pm-utils triggerhappy bsdmainutils

cp /etc/Powermanager/triggerhappy.service /lib/systemd/system/triggerhappy.service

#rm /etc/Powermanager -rf

#---------------Rga--------------

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/rga/*.deb

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/rga2/*.deb

echo -e "\033[36m Setup Video.................... \033[0m"

#\${APT_INSTALL} gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-alsa \

# gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps qtmultimedia5-examples gstreamer1.0-opencv

#for package in $(sudo apt-get upgrade 2>&1 | sudo grep "warning: files list file for package '" | sudo grep -Po "[^'\n ]+'" | sudo grep -Po "[^']+"); do sudo apt-get install --reinstall "$package"; done

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/mpp/*

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/gst-rkmpp/*.deb

#---------Camera---------

echo -e "\033[36m Install camera.................... \033[0m"

\${APT_INSTALL} cheese

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/rkisp/*.deb

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/rkaiq/*.deb

#\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/libv4l/*.deb

#--------------before deb--------------

#\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/topeet/*.deb

#---------------Openbox--------------

#echo -e "\033[36m Install openbox.................... \033[0m"

#\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/openbox/*.deb

#---------update chromium-----

#\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/chromium/*.deb

#\${APT_INSTALL} firefox

#------------------libdrm------------

echo -e "\033[36m Install libdrm.................... \033[0m"

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/libdrm/*.deb

#------------------libdrm-cursor------------

echo -e "\033[36m Install libdrm-cursor.................... \033[0m"

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/libdrm-cursor/*.deb

# Only preload libdrm-cursor for X

sed -i "/libdrm-cursor.so/d" /etc/ld.so.preload

sed -i "1aexport LD_PRELOAD=libdrm-cursor.so.1" /usr/bin/X

#------------------pcmanfm------------

echo -e "\033[36m Install pcmanfm.................... \033[0m"

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/pcmanfm/*.deb

#------------------blueman------------

echo -e "\033[36m Install blueman.................... \033[0m"

\${APT_INSTALL} blueman

echo exit 101 > /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d

chmod +x /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d

\${APT_INSTALL} blueman

rm -f /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d

#------------------rkwifibt------------

echo -e "\033[36m Install rkwifibt.................... \033[0m"

rm -rf /usr/lib/firmware

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/rkwifibt/*.deb

ln -s /system/etc/firmware /vendor/etc/

mkdir -p /lib/firmware/

cp /packages/rkwifibt/8723du/* /lib/firmware/

#------------------glmark2------------

echo -e "\033[36m Install glmark2.................... \033[0m"

\${APT_INSTALL} /packages/glmark2/*.deb

echo -e "\033[36m Install Chinese fonts.................... \033[0m"

# Uncomment zh_CN.UTF-8 for inclusion in generation

sed -i 's/^# *\(zh_CN.UTF-8\)/\1/' /etc/locale.gen

echo "LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> /etc/default/locale

# Generate locale

locale-gen

# Export env vars

echo "export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc

echo "export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc

echo "export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

\${APT_INSTALL} fonts-aenigma

\${APT_INSTALL} xfonts-intl-chinese

# HACK debian11.3 to fix bug

\${APT_INSTALL} fontconfig --reinstall

#\${APT_INSTALL} xfce4

#ln -sf /usr/bin/startxfce4 /etc/alternatives/x-session-manager

# mark package to hold

apt list --installed | grep -v oldstable | cut -d/ -f1 | xargs apt-mark unhold

#---------------GPU--------------

cp /packages/libmali/*.deb /

cp -rf /packages/rga/ /

cp -rf /packages/rga2/ /

# mark rga package to unhold

apt-mark unhold librga2 librga-dev librga2-dbgsym

cp /packages/libmali/libmali-valhall-g610-g6p0-x11.so /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/

ln -s /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libmali-valhall-g610-g6p0-x11.so /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libmali.so

ln -s /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libmali-valhall-g610-g6p0-x11.so /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libmali.so.1

#---------------Custom Script--------------

systemctl mask systemd-networkd-wait-online.service

systemctl mask NetworkManager-wait-online.service

rm /lib/systemd/system/wpa_supplicant@.service

#----------------beautiful terminal_________

echo " alias ls='ls --color' " >>/root/.bashrc

#-----------beautiful login---------------

\${APT_INSTALL} toilet

rm -rf /usr/share/figlet/*

cp /packages/figlet-fonts/* /usr/share/figlet/

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

cp /packages/libdrm/lightdm.conf /etc/lightdm/

#echo "tty -s && mesg n || true" >> /root/.profile

#---------------background---------------

rm -rf /usr/share/backgrounds/*.jpg

rm -rf /usr/share/backgrounds/*.png

#cp /packages/backdrops/* /usr/share/xfce4/backdrops/

cp /packages/backgrounds/* /usr/share/backgrounds/

apt update

apt upgrade -y

#------remove unused packages------------

apt remove --purge -fy linux-firmware*

#---------------Clean--------------

if [ -e "/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/dri" ] ;

then

cd /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/dri/

cp kms_swrast_dri.so swrast_dri.so rockchip_dri.so /

rm /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/dri/*.so

mv /*.so /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/dri/

elif [ -e "/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/dri" ];

then

cd /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/dri/

cp kms_swrast_dri.so swrast_dri.so rockchip_dri.so /

rm /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/dri/*.so

mv /*.so /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/dri/

rm /etc/profile.d/qt.sh

fi

cd -

rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

rm -rf /var/cache/

rm -rf /packages/

mkdir -p /var/cache/apt/archives/partial

EOF

sudo umount $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/dev/pts

sudo umount $TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/dev

3.2 烧录镜像

打包镜像完成后，会生成 ubuntu-rootfs.img 文件，使用该文件烧录进开发板即可。

参考资料

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41070133/article/details/128757151https://blog.csdn.net/ssismm/article/details/129612239

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