路由
Spring Cloud Gateway包含许多内置的路由断言Factories。这些断言都匹配HTTP请求的不同属性。
After 路由断言
After Route Predicate 在该日期时间之后发生的请求都将被匹配(UTC日期个数xxxx-xx-xxTxx:xx:xx+08:00[Asia/Shanghai])
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: after_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- After=2022-03-30T18:00:00+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
Before 路由断言
Before Route Predicate 在该日期时间之前发生的请求都将被匹配
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: before_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Before=2022-03-30T18:00:00+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
Between 路由断言
Before Route Predicate 有两个参数,x和y。在x和y之间的请求将被匹配。y参数的实际时间必须在x之后。
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: between_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Between=2022-03-30T18:00:00+08:00[Asia/Shanghai], 2022-03-31T18:00:00+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
Cookie路由断言
Cookie Route Predicate 有两个参数,cookie名称和正则表达式。请求包含次cookie名称且正则表达式匹配的将会被匹配。
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: cookie_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Cookie=token, \d
Header路由断言
Header Route Predicate 有两个参数,header名称和正则表达式。请求包含header名称且正则表达式匹配的将会被匹配。
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: header_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+
Host 路由断言
Host Route Predicate 包括一个参数:host name列表。使用Ant path匹配规则。‘,’作为分隔符。
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: host_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Host=**.somehost.org,**.anotherhost.org
Ant path匹配规则:
符号描述?匹配任何单字符*匹配0或者任意数量的字符**匹配0或者更多的目录
Method 路由断言
Method Route Predicate 包括一个参数: 需要匹配的HTTP请求方式。‘,’作为分隔符。
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: method_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Method=GET,POST
Path 路由断言
Path Route Predicate 有2个参数: 一个Spring PathMatcher表达式列表和可选matchOptionalTrailingSeparator标识 .
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Path=/foo/{segment},/bar/{segment}
URI 模板变量 (如上例中的 segment ) 将以Map的方式保存于ServerWebExchange.getAttributes()。key为ServerWebExchangeUtils.URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE. 这些值将在GatewayFilter Factories使用
Map
String segment = map .get("segment");
Query 路由断言
Query Route Predicate 有2个参数: 必选项 param 和可选项 regexp.
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: query_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Query=abc,ac. //请求包含abc参数,并且值匹配为ac.正则表达式 可以访问
RemoteAddr路由断言
RemoteAddr Route Predicate 的参数为IP地址
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: remoteAddr_route
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- RemoteAddr=192.168.1.1
Weight路由断言
Weight Route Predicate 的参数有两个group和weight。按组分配权重
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: weight_route1
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Weight=group1,8 # 80%
- id: weight_route2
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Weight=group2,2 # 20%
过滤
Gateway分为pre类型的过滤器和post类型的过滤器
pre类型的过滤在转发到后端微服务之前执行,可以做鉴权、限流等操作post类型的过滤在请求完成之后、将结果范围给客户端之前执行
大概可以分为以下几类:
HeaderParameterPathBodyStatusSessionRedirectRetryRateLimiterHystrix
常用的四种过滤器:
AddRequestParameter Gateway Filter
添加请求参数,属于前置过滤。两个参数:key和value
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: route1
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Path=/product/**
filters:
- AddRequestParameter=info,hehe
RewritePath Gateway Filter
将请求路径重写如:/api-gateway/xxx/重写为/xxx/,属于前置过滤。
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: route1
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Path=/product/**,/api-gateway/**
filters:
- RewritePath=/api-gateway(?
SetStatus Gateway Filter
将响应的HTTP请求头设置为454,属于后置过滤
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: route1
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Path=/product/**,/api-gateway/**
filters:
- SetStatus=454
AddResponsHeader Gateway Filter
添加头信息,属于后置过滤
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: route1
uri: http://localhost:8080
predicates:
- Path=/product/**,/api-gateway/**
filters:
- AddResponsHeader=X-Response-Author,test
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