4数据存储

共享参数SharedPreferences、数据库SQLite、SD卡文件、App的全局内存

4.1共享参数SharedPreferences

SharedPreferences是一个轻量级存储工具,采用的存储结构时Key-Value的键值对方式

SharedPreferences的存储介质是符合XML规范的配置文件。

保存SharedPreferences键值对信息的文件路径时/data/data/应用包名/shared_prefs/文件名.xml

​ 基于XML格式的特点,SharedPreferences主要适用于如下场合:

简单且孤立的数据。若是复杂且相互间有关的数据,则要保存在数据库中。文本形式的数据。若是二进制数据,则要保存在文件中。需要持久化存储的数据。在App退出后再次启动时,之前保存的数据仍然有效。

实际开发中,共享参数经常存储的数据有App的个性化配置信息、用户使用App的行为信息、临时需要保存的片段信息等

SharedPreferences对数据的存储和读取操作类似于Map,也有put函数用于存储数据、get函数用于读取数据。在使用共享参数之前,要先调用getSharedPreferences函数声明文件名与操作模式:

SharedPreferences mShared = getSharedPreferences("share", MODE_PRIVATE);

getSharedPreferences方法的第一个参数是文件名,上面的share表示当前使用的共享参数文件名是share.xml;第二个参数是操作模式,一般都填MODE_PRIVATE,表示私有模式。

共享参数存储数据要借助于Editor类:

SharedPreferences.Editor editor = shared.edit();// 获得编辑器的对象

editor.putString("name","Mr Lee");// 添加一个名叫name的字符串参数

editor.putInt("age",23);// 添加一个名叫age的整形参数

editor.putBoolean("married",true);// 添加一个名叫married的布尔型参数

editor.putFloat("weight",100f);// 添加一个名叫weight的浮点数参数

editor.commit();// 提交编辑器中的修改

共享参数读取数据相对简单,直接使用对象即可完成数据读取方法的调用,注意get方法的第二个参数表示默认值:

String name = shared.getString("name","");// 从共享参数中获得名叫name的字符串

int age = shared.getInt("age",0);// 从共享参数中获得名叫age的整形数

boolean married = getBoolean("married",false);// 从共享参数中获得名叫married的布尔数

float weight = getFloat("weight",0);// 从共享参数中获得名叫weight的浮点数

Write:

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:focusable="true"

android:focusableInTouchMode="true"

android:orientation="vertical"

android:padding="10dp" >

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="50dp" >

android:id="@+id/tv_name"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"

android:gravity="center"

android:text="姓名:"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textSize="17sp" />

android:id="@+id/et_name"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_marginBottom="5dp"

android:layout_marginTop="5dp"

android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_name"

android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"

android:gravity="left|center"

android:hint="请输入姓名"

android:inputType="text"

android:maxLength="12"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textColorHint="@color/grey"

android:textCursorDrawable="@drawable/text_cursor"

android:textSize="17sp" />

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="50dp" >

android:id="@+id/tv_age"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"

android:gravity="center"

android:text="年龄:"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textSize="17sp" />

android:id="@+id/et_age"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_marginBottom="5dp"

android:layout_marginTop="5dp"

android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_age"

android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"

android:gravity="left|center"

android:hint="请输入年龄"

android:inputType="number"

android:maxLength="2"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textColorHint="@color/grey"

android:textCursorDrawable="@drawable/text_cursor"

android:textSize="17sp" />

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="50dp" >

android:id="@+id/tv_height"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"

android:gravity="center"

android:text="身高:"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textSize="17sp" />

android:id="@+id/et_height"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_marginBottom="5dp"

android:layout_marginTop="5dp"

android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_height"

android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"

android:gravity="left|center"

android:hint="请输入身高"

android:inputType="number"

android:maxLength="3"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textColorHint="@color/grey"

android:textCursorDrawable="@drawable/text_cursor"

android:textSize="17sp" />

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="50dp" >

android:id="@+id/tv_weight"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"

android:gravity="center"

android:text="体重:"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textSize="17sp" />

android:id="@+id/et_weight"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_marginBottom="5dp"

android:layout_marginTop="5dp"

android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_weight"

android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"

android:gravity="left|center"

android:hint="请输入体重"

android:inputType="numberDecimal"

android:maxLength="5"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textColorHint="@color/grey"

android:textCursorDrawable="@drawable/text_cursor"

android:textSize="17sp" />

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="50dp" >

android:id="@+id/tv_married"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"

android:gravity="center"

android:text="婚否:"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textSize="17sp" />

android:id="@+id/sp_married"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_married"

android:gravity="left|center"

android:spinnerMode="dialog" />

android:id="@+id/btn_save"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="保存到共享参数"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textSize="20sp" />

public class ShareWriteActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

private SharedPreferences mShared;

private EditText et_name;

private EditText et_age;

private EditText et_height;

private EditText et_weight;

private boolean bMarried = false;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_share_write);

et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_name);

et_age = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_age);

et_height = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_height);

et_weight = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_weight);

findViewById(R.id.btn_save).setOnClickListener(this);

ArrayAdapter typeAdapter = new ArrayAdapter(this,

R.layout.item_select, typeArray);

typeAdapter.setDropDownViewResource(R.layout.item_dropdown);

Spinner sp_married = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.sp_married);

sp_married.setPrompt("请选择婚姻状况");

sp_married.setAdapter(typeAdapter);

sp_married.setSelection(0);

sp_married.setOnItemSelectedListener(new TypeSelectedListener());

mShared = getSharedPreferences("share", MODE_PRIVATE);

}

private String[] typeArray = {"未婚", "已婚"};

class TypeSelectedListener implements AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener {

public void onItemSelected(AdapterView arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) {

bMarried = (arg2==0)?false:true;

}

public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView arg0) {

}

}

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_save) {

String name = et_name.getText().toString();

String age = et_age.getText().toString();

String height = et_height.getText().toString();

String weight = et_weight.getText().toString();

if (name==null || name.length()<=0) {

showToast("请先填写姓名");

return;

}

if (age==null || age.length()<=0) {

showToast("请先填写年龄");

return;

}

if (height==null || height.length()<=0) {

showToast("请先填写身高");

return;

}

if (weight==null || weight.length()<=0) {

showToast("请先填写体重");

return;

}

SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mShared.edit();

editor.putString("name", name);

editor.putInt("age", Integer.parseInt(age));

editor.putLong("height", Long.parseLong(height));

editor.putFloat("weight", Float.parseFloat(weight));

editor.putBoolean("married", bMarried);

editor.putString("update_time", DateUtil.getNowDateTime("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));

editor.commit();

showToast("数据已写入共享参数");

}

}

private void showToast(String desc) {

Toast.makeText(this, desc, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

}

Read:

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:focusable="true"

android:focusableInTouchMode="true"

android:orientation="vertical"

android:padding="10dp" >

android:id="@+id/tv_share"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:textSize="17sp" />

public class ShareReadActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private SharedPreferences mShared;

private TextView tv_share;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_share_read);

tv_share = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_share);

readSharedPreferences();

}

private void readSharedPreferences() {

SharedPreferences mShared = getSharedPreferences("share", MODE_PRIVATE);

String desc = "共享参数中保存的信息如下:";

Map mapParam = (Map) mShared.getAll();

for (Map.Entry item_map : mapParam.entrySet()) {

String key = item_map.getKey();

Object value = item_map.getValue();

if (value instanceof String) {

desc = String.format("%s\n %s的取值为%s", desc, key,

mShared.getString(key, ""));

} else if (value instanceof Integer) {

desc = String.format("%s\n %s的取值为%d", desc, key,

mShared.getInt(key, 0));

} else if (value instanceof Float) {

desc = String.format("%s\n %s的取值为%f", desc, key,

mShared.getFloat(key, 0.0f));

} else if (value instanceof Boolean) {

desc = String.format("%s\n %s的取值为%b", desc, key,

mShared.getBoolean(key, false));

} else if (value instanceof Long) {

desc = String.format("%s\n %s的取值为%d", desc, key,

mShared.getLong(key, 0l));

} else {

desc = String.format("%s\n参数%s的取值为未知类型", desc, key);

}

}

if (mapParam==null || mapParam.size()<=0) {

desc = "共享参数中保存的信息为空";

}

tv_share.setText(desc);

}

}

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