数据库 linux 运维 01-mysql安装篇（rpm方式安装+二进制方式安装）

01-mysql安装篇（rpm方式安装+二进制方式安装）

一、rpm方式安装1、检查是否安装了mariadb2、下载mysql3、上传解压4、安装5、检查安装6、开启mysql服务7、登陆mysql8、修改密码设置规则（简单型-学习用）9、修改密码10、授权远程登陆11、启停mysql命令12、rpm方式安装说明

二、二进制方式安装V5.7.181、上传解压2、创建安装目录3、拷贝解压后的文件至安装目录/usr/local/mysql/4、创建相关目录5、创建mysql组和用户6、更改安装目录归属7、初始化MySQL8、 配置MySQL9、启动MySQL10、配置环境变量11、允许root账号远程访问12、设置mysql服务开机自启13、mysql服务启动

一、rpm方式安装

1、检查是否安装了mariadb

[root@db-mysql ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb

mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

[root@db-mysql ~]#

卸载清除： rpm -e 文件名

[root@db-mysql ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps

[root@db-mysql ~]#

[root@db-mysql ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb

[rootdb-mysql ~]#

2、下载mysql

官网地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

3、上传解压

[root@db-mysql ~]# mkdir mysql-bundle

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-embedded-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-test-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

4、安装

## 安装mysql所依赖的包

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7################################# [100%]

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

## 安装mysql服务

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

报错：error: Failed dependencies: net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64

解决：

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# yum install -y net-tools

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# yum install -y perl

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# yum install -y libaio

## 再次安装mysql服务

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

5、检查安装

[root@cdb-mysql mysql-bundle]# rpm -qa|grep mysql

mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64

mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64

mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64

mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

6、开启mysql服务

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# systemctl start mysqld

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]# systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-12-22 10:48:53 CST; 9s ago

Docs: man:mysqld(8)

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

Process: 2190 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Process: 2140 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 2194 (mysqld)

CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service

└─2194 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Dec 22 10:48:50 centos01 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...

Dec 22 10:48:53 centos01 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

[root@db-mysql mysql-bundle]#

7、登陆mysql

第一次启动mysql，会自动生成一个随机密码，可在/var/log/mysqld.log中查看。

[root@db-mysql ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

2022-12-22T02:48:50.966917Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: q=VIgtgHH7p_

2022-12-22T02:54:05.987706Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

2022-12-22T02:54:14.598377Z 3 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

2022-12-22T02:54:27.747247Z 4 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

[root@db-mysql ~]#

8、修改密码设置规则（简单型-学习用）

[root@centos01 mysql-bundle]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

[root@centos01 mysql-bundle]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_mixed_case_count=0;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_number_count=0;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_special_char_count=0;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

9、修改密码

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

10、授权远程登陆

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

测试：

11、启停mysql命令

## 启动 mysql 服务

[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl start mysqld

## 关闭

[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl stop mysqld

## 重启

[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

## 状态查看

[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl status mysqld

## 设置开机自启

[root@db-mysql ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

12、rpm方式安装说明

## rpm方式重要文件路径说明

主要文件默认路径如下：

配置文件路径：/etc/my.cnf

数据存储目录：/var/lib/mysql

错误日志存储路径：/var/log/mysqld.log

socket文件路径：/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

参数可以通过/etc/my.cnf参数配置文件查看和自定义。

二、二进制方式安装V5.7.18

1、上传解压

[root@db-mysql mysql-tar]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2、创建安装目录

[root@db-mysql mysql-tar]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql

3、拷贝解压后的文件至安装目录/usr/local/mysql/

[root@db-mysql ~]# mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql/

4、创建相关目录

[root@db-mysql mysql]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

[root@db-mysql mysql]#

[root@db-mysql mysql]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/log

[root@db-mysql mysql]#

[root@db-mysql mysql]# touch /usr/local/mysql/log/mysqld.log

[root@db-mysql mysql]#

[root@db-mysql mysql]#

5、创建mysql组和用户

[root@db-mysql mysql]# groupadd mysql

[root@db-mysql mysql]#

[root@db-mysql mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

[root@db-mysql mysql]#

6、更改安装目录归属

[root@db-mysql mysql]# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/

[root@db-mysql mysql]# chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/

或者使用：

[root@db-mysql mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

7、初始化MySQL

[root@db-mysql mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

8、 配置MySQL

[root@db-mysql mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock

user=mysql

port=3306

character-set-server=utf8

skip-grant-tables

symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[client]

socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock

9、启动MySQL

[root@db-mysql mysql]# cd support-files/

[root@db-mysql support-files]# sh mysql.server start

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

[root@db-mysql support-files]#

查看MySQL服务是否启动成功

[root@db-mysql support-files]# sh mysql.server status

SUCCESS! MySQL running (2294)

[root@db-mysql support-files]#

10、配置环境变量

[root@db-mysql support-files]# vi /etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

使配置生效

[root@db-mysql support-files]# source /etc/profile

11、允许root账号远程访问

[root@db-mysql support-files]# mysql -u root -p

修改mysql数据库密码报错： ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement.

解决：先刷新权限表

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

##修改密码

alter user root@localhost identified by '123456';

##root账号远程访问

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;

12、设置mysql服务开机自启

[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

报错： Unit mysqld.service could not be found.

[root@db-mysql mysql]# find / -name mysql.server

/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

[root@db-mysql mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld

mysqld.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.

Executing /sbin/chkconfig mysqld on

[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL

Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: inactive (dead)

Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

[root@db-mysql mysql]#

13、mysql服务启动

[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

[root@db-mysql mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL

Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (exited) since 三 2023-05-10 18:28:08 CST; 2s ago

Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

Process: 10873 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

5月 10 18:28:08 db-mysql systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...

5月 10 18:28:08 db-mysql mysqld[10873]: Starting MySQL SUCCESS!

5月 10 18:28:08 db-mysql systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.

5月 10 18:28:08 db-mysql mysqld[10873]: 2023-05-10T10:28:08.620811Z mysqld_safe A mysqld process already exists

[root@db-mysql mysql]#

好文推荐

 您阅读本篇文章共花了：