python Flask-RESTful请求响应与SQLAlchemy基础

一.flask_restfun处理请求

1.处理的流程

from flask import Flask

from flask_restful import Api, Resource

from flask_restful import reqparse

app = Flask(__name__)

api = Api(app)

class Index(Resource):

def get(self):

parser = reqparse.RequestParser()

parser.add_argument('id')

args = parser.parse_args()

return '参数ID的值为: {}'.format(args['id'])

api.add_resource(Index, '/index')

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

2.思路

1.导入RequestParser类 2.实例化RequestParser对象 3.向RequestParser对象中添加需要检验或转换的参数声明 4.使用parse_args()方法启动检验处理 5.通过args.id或args[‘id’]的方法获取参数

二.序列化数据

1.装饰器形式的序列化

from flask import Flask

from flask_restful import Api, Resource

from flask_restful import fields, marshal_with

app = Flask(__name__)

api = Api(app)

class User(object):

def __init__(self, name, age, password):

self.name = name

self.age = age

self.password = password

resource_fields = {

'name': fields.String,

'age': fields.Integer,

}

class Index(Resource):

@marshal_with(resource_fields, envelope='data')

def get(self, **kwargs):

user = User('Jeremy', 18, '123456')

return user

# 指定路由

api.add_resource(Index, '/index')

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

2.marshal方法直接序列化

from flask import Flask

from flask_restful import Api, Resource

from flask_restful import fields, marshal_with, marshal

app = Flask(__name__)

api = Api(app)

class User(object):

def __init__(self, name, age, password):

self.name = name

self.age = age

self.password = password

resource_fields = {

'name': fields.String,

'age': fields.Integer,

}

class Index(Resource):

def get(self, **kwargs):

user = User('Jeremy', 18, '123456')

return marshal(user, resource_fields)

api.add_resource(Index, '/index')

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run()

其中 若想要响应返回json数据格式时 应return

{

"msg": "发送成功",

"code": 200,

"data": {...}

}

一.SQLAlchemy

1.SQLAlchemy数据库的配置

安装Flask-SQLAlchemy pip install flask-sqlalchemy

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

class Config(object):

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://root:admin123@127.0.0.1:3306/jiyunstus'

SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False

SQLALCHEMY_ECHO = True

app.config.from_object(Config)

2.SQLAlchemy数据库模型类的创建

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

from app import app

db = SQLAlchemy(app)

class UserModel(db.Model):

id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True)

email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

3.SQLAlchemy数据库迁移文件

from flask_migrate import Migrate, MigrateCommand

from flask_script import Shell, Manager

from models.user_models import db

from app import app

manager = Manager(app)

migrate = Migrate(app, db)

manager.add_command('db', MigrateCommand)

if __name__ == '__main__':

manager.run()

PS：文件迁移的命令

初始化迁移文件 python manage.py db init 生成迁移文件 python manage.py db migrate 执行迁移 python manage.py db upgrade

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